An untold story: How India got its missile defense

[digitaltiger]

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There was scepticism on November 27, 2006, when the Ministry of Defence (MoD) made a surprise announcement. In a secret test off the Orissa coast, a missile launched by the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) had hit and destroyed a simulated incoming enemy ballistic missile while it was 78 km above the Bay of Bengal, still outside the earth’s atmosphere.

A year later, on December 6, 2007, the MoD declared a second test successful, when an incoming ballistic missile was shot down inside the atmosphere, some 15 km above the earth. This was high-technology success; no more than six or seven countries have anti-ballistic missile (ABM) capability.

Unlike the shrill promises that accompanied the Trishul and Akash anti-aircraft missiles, the ABM programme was kept secret, even from close watchers of the DRDO.

Now, Business Standard has been granted exclusive access to the ABM missile production facilities in Hyderabad, and told the story of how the programme evolved.

It began in 1995, after India learned that Pakistan had obtained the M-9 and M-11 ballistic missiles from China. India already had its own nuclear deterrent in place; the Prithvi missile was ready, and the Agni was being tested.

But Pakistan was considered unpredictable and, in 1996, the MoD asked its Scientific Advisor APJ Abdul Kalam whether India could quickly develop protection against an incoming Pakistani ballistic missile.

Kalam was already overseeing the Integrated Guided Missile Development Programme (IGMDP); he began feasibility studies on an ABM programme as well. The DRDO’s first challenge was to develop a radar, which could pick up enemy ballistic missiles being launched from up to 300 km away.

The longest range Indian radar was the Rajendra, with a range of 60 km, and there simply wasn’t the time to develop a long-range radar from scratch. The only option was foreign collaboration. Kalam put one of his top scientists, VK Saraswat, in charge.

Saraswat recounts Russia was approached first, but the conditions in Russia — with defence R&D at an all time low — made the DRDO reject that option. It was then that the Israeli ABM programme — the Arrow-1, based upon the long-range Green Pine radar — caught the DRDO’s eye.

A delegation was sent to Israel, but it was turned down because the Green Pine radar incorporated US technology. But Israel did agree to collaborate with India in building a Long Range Tracking Radar (LRTR).

Also needed for the system was a guidance radar, to track the incoming enemy missile. The Electronics and Radar Development Establishment (a DRDO laboratory), explains Saraswat, has developed that radar in collaboration with a French company, Thales.

With the radar problems solved, government sanction was obtained in 1998 to develop an ABM system; the ability to defend against an enemy nuclear strike is believed to undermine deterrence.

But the project remained secret, because an ABM system is controversial. Besides that, says Saraswat, India’s nuclear tests that year had tightened international sanctions.

“We were having collaboration with these two countries, but the times were not good. We faced severe sanctions in 1998 and, if we talked too much about it, the cooperation could have dried up. That was the main concern.”

But while the radars were a collaborative effort, the interceptor missiles were developed entirely by the DRDO, say the scientists. So were the mission control centre and the launch control centre, which are the nerve centre of the system.

The DRDO says the programme has now reached maturity, and that international sanctions cannot hurt it. There is also a degree of self-confidence in the DRDO, which allows it to acknowledge the role played by other countries. International collaboration is no longer a bad word.

[majesticpankaj]

Kudos to India- Israel Friendship

[digitaltiger]

Kudos to India- Israel Friendship

Yeha Partners in distress....

[JAT BALWAN]

who knows how much more delicious dishes are being prepared in DRDO....

as I said before... wait for 5-7 years & watch the shocking expressions on our foes faces...

[Skull and Bones]

Hope there are many well kept secrets in DRDO's secret labs.

[Dash]

I thought we baught Green Pine Radar from Israel and then increased its range to make it LRTR.

[aanshu001]

We do have Green Pine Radars and also home made LRTR

[illuminatidinesh]

So again it is Dr APJ Abdul Kalam who is behind our ABM too....... Great Man.

[indianrabbit]

Do you guys realize that as an when time passes, we can source most system internally.

[Yeti]

Ive come across this article before it was intresting to read.

We do have Green Pine Radars and also home made LRTR

We have our own version of Green pine which is more advanced.

[itsme]

so we have been able to hit a missile upto 80 km, whats the max we need to go to deply it country wide?

[Yeti]

We need X-band radar on top of Swordfish but not sure if US will be willing to export it to us.

[hawx]

amazing share DR kalam most patriotic Indian leader.

Hats off to you sir !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

[aanshu001]

So again it is Dr APJ Abdul Kalam who is behind our ABM too....... Great Man.

Yes along with gr8 leader Atal Bihari Vajpayee it's all start under him LCA, ATV, Missile Defence and nearly every thing which are witnessing today . That's show the impotence of leadership

[killerx]

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Hmm its means indian ABMS is not totaly made india rights hats off to indian in copying others !!!!!!!!!!!!