A New Theory of Magnetism

[The SC]

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We have here a new theory about the nature of magnetism which seeks to explain the basic mechanisms by which the interactions take place. At the scale on which we construct electromagnetic devices and within the restriction of the geometry of those devices, we can prove that Faraday's law applies even though it is based on a misconception about the behaviour of magnetic fields.

As we turn our attention to smaller scales and consider systems of a small number of moving charges generating a magnetic field small compared to the distance light can travel in the time it takes a charge's velocity to change, this new understanding of the interaction between moving charges and magnetic fields opens up new possibilities for understanding the nature of the atom, nucleus and of nucleons and opens the door to the third phase of grand unification.

http://www.bearsoft.co.uk/Paper3.pdf

[The SC]

Bioelectrics new applications for pulsed power technology

The possibility to control functions and membrane transport processes in biological cells by external pulsed electric fields offers new applications for pulsed power technology. One such application is prevention of biofouling, an effect that is based on reversible electroporation of cell membranes. Pulsed electric fields of several kilovolts per centimeter amplitude and submicrosecond duration have been found to prevent the growth of aquatic nuisance species on surfaces. Reversible electroporation is also used for medical applications, e.g., for delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs into tumor cells, for gene therapy and for transdermal drug delivery. Higher electric fields cause irreversible membrane damage. Pulses in the microsecond range with electric field intensities in the tens of kilovolts per centimeter are used for bacterial decontamination of water and liquid food. A new type of field-cell interaction utilizing nanosecond pulses with electric fields exceeding 50 kV/cm has been recently added to known bioelectric effects. Based on capacitive coupling to cell substructures, it has the potential to affect transport processes across subcellular membranes and may be used for gene transfer into cell nuclei. Other studies indicate that it triggers intracellular processes such as programmed cell death that can be used for cancer treatment. In order to generate the required electric fields for these processes, high-voltage high-current sources are required. The pulse duration needs to be short to prevent thermal effects. Pulse power technology is the enabling technology for this new field of bioengineering, which we have termed "bioelectrics"

IEEE Xplore - Abstract Page

[The SC]

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Input/output system for computer user interface using magnetic levitation

This invention incorporates a new application of the maglev technology, as well as a new
computer-user ... It is noted in passing that it may also be possible to use a known type of electro-
magnetic magnetic bearing device, which has a mass of magnetic material floating ...

Patent US5146566 - Input/output system for computer user interface using magnetic levitation - Google Patents




Progress on the GEM (Gravity-Electro-Magnetism) Theory of Field Unification and its Application to Human Flight

Progress on the GEM ( Gravity-Electro-Magnetism) theory is presented and its application to human flight. The GEM theory is an alloy of Kaluza-Klein and Sahkarov approaches to unification postulates that that the separate appearances of gravity and EM as long range forces from the Planck scale is correlated with the separate appearances of the proton and electron from a particle-antiparticle pair. Both separations are postulated as stemming from the appearance of a new compactified Kaluza-Klein fifth dimension. The physical length associated with the new fifth dimension is found to be a classical particle radius. The requirement that this GEM scheme be in accord with the Standard Model requires that the fifth dimension be an image of a spacetime interval with a timelike part giving birth to the electron and the spacelike portion having three subdimensions corresponding to the quarks making up the proton. The requirement of cosmic charge neutrality and equal classical radius leads to the requirement of e=qx+qy+qz and e2 = qx2+qy2+qz2 where qx, qy,and qz are the charges of the quarks and is satisfied by the choice 2e/3 =qx, qy, -e/3=qz and this is found to be preserved in a SO(3) symmetry group. In Human flight applications, the Vacuum Bernoulii Equation is found to result from the ExB drift model of gravity in the GEM and to suggest that powerful rotating EM fields may be used to modify gravity.

Journal & Proceedings



An overview of the VASIMR engine: High power space propulsion with RF plasma generation and heating

The Variable Specific Impulse Magnetoplasma Rocket (VASIMR) is a high power, radio frequency-driven magnetoplasma rocket, capable of exhaust modulation at constant power. While the plasma is produced by a helicon discharge, the bulk of the energy is added in a separate downstream stage by ion cyclotron resonance heating (ICRH). Axial momentum is obtained by the adiabatic expansion of the plasma in a magnetic nozzle. Exhaust variation in the VASIMR is primarily achieved by the selective partitioning of the RF power to the helicon and ICRH systems, with the proper adjustment of the propellant flow. However, other complementary techniques are also being studied. Operational and performance considerations favor the light gases. The physics and engineering of this device have been under study since the late 1970s. A NASA-led, research effort, involving several terms in the United States, continues to explore the scientific and technological foundations of this concept. The research involves theory, experiment, engineering design, mission analysis, and technology development. Experimentally, high density, stable plasma discharges have been generated in Helium, Hydrogen and Deuterium, as well as mixtures of these gases. Key issues involve the optimization of the helicon discharge for high-density operation and the efficient coupling of ICRH to the plasma, prior to acceleration by the magnetic nozzle. Theoretically, the dynamics of the magnetized plasma are being studied from kinetic and fluid perspectives. Plasma acceleration by the magnetic nozzle and subsequent detachment has been demonstrated in numerical simulations. These results are presently undergoing experimental verification. A brisk technology development effort for space-qualified, compact, solid-state RF equipment, and high temperature superconducting magnets is under way in support of this project. A conceptual point design for an early space demonstrator on the International Space Station has been defined. Also, a parametric study of a fast (115 day,) VASIMR-driven human Mars mission has been completed. This paper reviews the progress obtained in all these areas and outlines plans and strategies for continued research. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.

© 2001 American Institute of Physics

An overview of the VASIMR engine: High power space propulsion with RF plasma generation and heating | Browse - AIP Conference Proceedings