Major U.S. Arms Sales and Grants to Pakistan Since 2001
Major government-to-government arms sales and grants to Pakistan since 2001 have
included items useful for counterterrorism operations, along with a number of “big ticket”
platforms more suited to conventional warfare. In dollar value terms, the bulk of purchases are
made with Pakistani national funds: the Pentagon reports total Foreign Military Sales agreements
with Pakistan worth $4.55 billion for FY2002-FY2007 (in-process sales of F-16 combat aircraft
and related equipment account for about three-quarters of this). The United States also has
provided Pakistan with nearly $1.6 billion in Foreign Military Financing (FMF) since 2001
(including scheduled FY2008 funds), with a “base program” of $300 million per year beginning
in FY2005. These funds are used to purchase U.S. military equipment. Pakistan also has been
granted U.S. defense supplies as Excess Defense Articles (EDA).
Major post-2001 defense supplies paid for with FMF include:
! eight P-3C Orion maritime patrol aircraft and their refurbishment (valued at $474 million);
! about 5,250 TOW anti-armor missiles ($186 million);
! more than 5,600 military radio sets ($163 million);
! six AN/TPS-77 surveillance radars ($100 million, all delivered and in operation);
! six C-130E transport aircraft and their refurbishment ($76 million, all delivered and in
operation); and
! 20 AH-1F Cobra attack helicopters granted under EDA, then refurbished ($48 million, 12
delivered, 8 pending refurbishment).
Supplies paid for with a mix of Pakistani national funds and FMF include:
! up to 60 mid-life update kits for F-16A/B combat aircraft (valued at $891 million, with $108
million of this in FMF, Pakistan’s current plans are to purchase 46 of these); and
! 115 M-109 self-propelled howitzers ($87 million, with $53 million in FMF).
Notable items paid for entirely with Pakistani national funds include:
! 18 new F-16C/D Block 50/52 combat aircraft, with an option for 18 more (valued at $1.43
billion);
! F-16 armaments including 500 AMRAAM air-to-air missiles; 1,450 2,000-pound bombs; 500
JDAM bomb tail kits; and 1,600 Enhanced Paveway laser-guided bomb kits ($667 million);
! 100 Harpoon anti-ship missiles ($298 million, 70 delivered);
! 500 Sidewinder air-to-air missiles ($95 million, 300 delivered); and
! six Phalanx close-in naval guns ($80 million).
While the Pentagon has notified Congress to the possible transfer to Pakistan of three P-3B
aircraft as EDA grants that would be modified to carry the E-2C Hawkeye airborne early
warning suite in a deal worth up to $855 million, negotiations have not progressed beyond the
notification stage. If implemented, FMF could be used toward this purchase. Major EDA grants
since 2001 include 4 F-16A/B combat aircraft (10 more such aircraft will be transferred to
Pakistan as they become excess to the U.S. Air Force) and 16 T-37 military trainer jets (20 more
are pending). Under Coalition Support Funds (part of the Pentagon budget), Pakistan received