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History & Operations of Wars in Pakistan

Major Shafaqat Baloch along with his Comrades to defend Lahore.
Date: 6 September 1965

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Story of One of the heroes of the September war, Col Shafqat Baloch.
Location: Barki Hudiara Sector
About 0100 Hours


Major along with his 90 men was moving towards their devised position. Keeping in mind the intelligence report of an expected Indian raid, the soldiers were moving cautiously. Suddenly the rattling sound of machine-gun broke the silence in the dark night. Realizing that the fire came from the Pakistan Rangers post, Major ordered his men to move quickly. On his way, he saw a man going towards the Pakistani side. "Halt! Who comes there?” Major shouted at the man.

"Sir I am from the post of Rangers, Indians have launched a massive attack and our Major Sahab along with many other men has embraced martyrdom. I am going back to inform the authorities. Our field phone is also knocked out", the Havildar of rangers told the Major.

Major Baloch ordered his men to disperse and take position along with the BRB Canal which was also known as Ichhogil Canal. Maintaining the silence, they spread. Voices of advancing Indian soldiers and the heavy sound of engines were evident of the massive movement of the Indian Infantry and a tank regiment. Indians had no idea that the Pakistan army is in the area. Though 90 men had no comparison to fight with one brigade and a tank regiment, the major was still in an aggressive mood.


"جوانو گھبرانا بالکل نئیں۔اساں ایہناں نوں بہت کٹنا اے'' (Don't be afraid jawans, we will give them a tough time). In his typical cheerful mood, he encouraged his men.

Major climbed to a higher position and started observing the area with binoculars, waiting for the Indians to come in their small arms range. When the Indians came in range, one of Indian snipers spotted the Major. He fired a bullet at him, without damaging the bone; the bullet pierced through his left arm.

Major came to his men, showing his wounded arm, he said ''ویکھو منڈیو ایہہ لالے دی گولی اے ساڈا کج نئیں وگاڑ سکدی۔کسے نوں بچ کے نہ جان دیو'' (Look boys, its Hindus bullet can't to any damage to us. Never let anyone go alive).


Major contacted the battalion headquarters for artillery support. This area was not registered then in the Pakistani artillery map. So, the artillery was hesitant to send fire as it can hit Pakistani troops as well.
"Dont worry about us. Note our location and send SOS fire. We will provide directions regarding the enemy position", Neglecting the fear of loss, major said to his CO Lieutenant Colonel Ibrahim.

Till then the enemy had no idea of Pakistani strength in this area. They were advancing fearlessly. As the first round of Pakistani artillery hit them, they were frozen at the spot because of terror and surprise. Major directed the artillery right at the enemy. They started to get shot like sitting ducks. Moreover Major also ordered his antitank crew to fire. Turning two Indian tanks into rubble, Pakistani recoilless rifles started operations.

Moreover, 90 men also opened the doors of hell for the Indians. Instead of advancing, Indians had to run for their lives now. Repeated waves of artillery fire, sharp whistling of antitank rounds and the rattles of automatic weapons turned the fertile belt of wheat crops into the ditch of hell. The enemy advance was nipped in the bud.
All night long and the whole next day, Indians tried to advance, but Pakistani troops stopped them by giving lethal blows. These moments were precious for Pakistani troops to establish the defence line. As the day of 07 September started, Major and his comrades were ordered to come back as Barki was established as the choke point and Major Aziz Bhatti was the man holding the position. Major and his men came back.
As Major reached his battalion headquarters, his CO hugged him.
"Good work son. I don't have enough words to commemorate you", his CO Lieutenant Colonel Ibrahim said.
Major was taken to the GOC Major General Sarfraz Khan. "Good work Major, you saved the day. Tell me how many men you lost?" General asked.

Major said, "Only two martyred and a few injured".

General was extremely surprised as he expected massive casualties. Thinking that Major might be in shock and that's why he is not in full senses, General said, "Look Major I know you are tired. Take some rest."
"Sir you can count my men", Major replied politely.

Pakistan army kept Indians pinned down for 17 days. When the ceasefire was announced. Major was assigned the task to negotiate with the Indians to settle the border territory. In spite of the ceasefire, the situation was still tense from both sides and the firing incidents were common. On such a day, Indian company commander Major Puri and Indian Armor officer Major Hira Singh were sitting on the border, facing Pakistan. They saw a smart and well built Pakistani officer in Major's uniform, crossing the border and coming all alone towards them. In a surprised manner, they saw him approaching. The Major shook hand with Major Puri and Major Hira Singh, introducing him to them. It was a moment of shock for both Indian officers as the name of that Pakistani officer was a sign of terror for the Indians in this area.

The meeting started and Indians accepted his all recommendations without any argument. Later Indians confirmed that the day Major stopped the Indian raid, it was the strength of a full infantry brigade and a tank regiment. About a hundred enemy soldiers were killed and seven tanks were destroyed and the dream of General Chaudhary to have the breakfast at Lahore was shattered. It was all done under the valiant leadership of the Major. For his act of valour, he was awarded Sitara e Jurat.

Today the world knows him as Colonel Shafqat Hussain Baloch (Sitara e Jurat).
 
Mustansar Hussain Tarar with Col Shafqat Baloch (then Major) and his regiment to boost the morale of the Pakistan Army.
Maj. Shafqat Baloch was commanding 17 Baloch Regiment He resisted division troops of the Indian army with just 90 men at Hudyara Drain Bank, Lahore for many hours.

He was twice awarded Sitara-e-Jurat for his bravery in the 1965 war and then again in the 1971 war.
Date: 1965


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1965
On the morning of 8ᵗʰ September 1965, at village Gadgor, came the first tank battle of the Chawinda front.

'B' Squadron of the 25ᵗʰ Cavalry, commanded by Major Ahmad would take on the Indian 16ᵗʰ Cavalry - inflicting heavy losses on the them in what was a decisive encounter.

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amongst the Indian dead were Major Ali Raas Sheikh, a squadron commander, and Lieutenant Vinay Kaistha, a troop leader. Major Ahmad was also badly wounded in action; awarded the Sitara-e-Jurat for taking out 4 enemy tanks.
The 'Men of Steel' are to have an eventful campaign.


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Despite initial surprise by Indian Army on 6 Sep 1965, Pak 22 Brigade/10 Division with 2 squadrons 23 Cav, 2 companies 18 Baloch & company 15 FF, crossed BRB & counter attacked surprised Indian Army. Indian 54 Brigade/15 Division ran away. This Willy's jeep was captured by 15 FF.



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A very remarkable story on the Tochi Scouts. here's an account by Brigadier Rattan Kaul, a decorated officer of the 4/5ᵗʰ GR (FF), during the '71 Campaign in the East, near Sylhet. "As I led the company column along the road, we saw a 6 foot tall burly Pathan, in Mazri dress...

Naib Subedar Behram Gul of the Tochi Scouts;
He was awarded the Sitara-e-Jurat for raiding an Indian position in August 1965, resulting in the death of a certain Major Balram Singh Jamwal of the 8ᵗʰ JAK RIF. the latter's death has been attributed to shelling in Indian accounts.


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Battle of Chawinda & Heroics of 25th Cavalry

Battle of Chawinda fought between the armies of Pakistan and India is considered one of the largest tank battles in history since battle of Kursk in 2nd world war.


Strength of both armies

Indian side made a strike force comprised of 1st armored division “Fakhr e Hind” aka Black elephant accompanied by 6 mountain Division, 14th division and 16th division.

Pakistani force comprised of 6th newly raised armored division later reinforced by 1st armored division, 4th corps artillery, 15th, and 8th infantry division.


Battle: Indian army presumed that Sialkot is poorly defended and capturing it would be like a walk in the park. Initial objectives of the Indian offensive were to capture the Grand Trunk Road near town of Wazirabad and then capturing nearby town of Jassorian resulting in Indian army control over Sialkot-Pasrur railway.

Indian attack begun on 7th September and achieved its initial objectives without much resistance as they over run Pakistan army defenses at Jassorian and Sialkot-Pasrur railway.

A Pakistani brigade commander Brigadier Abdul Malik sensed this threat and ordered his brigade to Chawinda, 25th cavalry “Men of steel” being available at the movement under command of Colonel Nisar Ahmad Khan was ordered to put his two squadron of tanks on offensive. For the first time in armored warfare history two squadron of tanks took on an armored division. This courageous decision would later prove to save fall of Sialkot and Pakistan from an inevitable defeat.


Heroics of 25th Calvary “Men of Steel”

25th cavalry was a newly raised (raised in 1962) but finest tank regiment of Pakistan armored corps commanded by a capable armored officer Colonel Nisar khan. As the Indian army over run Pakistan defenses and crossed international border, brigade commander asked Colonel Khan to do something. The regiment filled up fuel and rushed to Jassorian, at the time only A and B squadron of the regiment spearheaded to the objective while the “C” squadron was in Pasrur due to initial orders which later followed the rest of regiment to the battlefield.

September 8-10 saw the finest hours of “Men of steel” as “B” squadron of 25th Cavalry met 1st armored division of Indian army. 2 regiments of the division 16 light cavalry regiment and 17 Poona horse regiment were at the front supported by a Gurkha infantry battalion.

25 Cavalry “B” Squadron commanded by major Ahmad met advancing tanks of 16 light cavalry regiment and personally destroyed 4 Indian centurion tanks. 16 light cavalry CO brought another squadron to outflank Major Ahmad but got exposed to “A” Squadron of 25th Cavalry thus losing many tanks including the commander of squadron.

Seeing the losses of 16 light cavalry regiment the Poona horse turned to give support but due to less regiment gap, incompetence of commanders the Indian tanks opened fire on each other as narrated by Gurchan Singh.

Brigadier K.K Singh commander of 1st armored division seeing the losses of his tanks concluded that he’s held up by two Patton division and had no more chance of advance showing his mental defeat and fear of more losses.

The day was saved by “Men of steel”, Major Ahmad fought all day against 10 times superior army in numbers and firepower till martyrdom without retreating an inch back.

Total of 55 Indian tanks were destroyed as “Men of steel” shattered finest of Indian armored regiments 16th light cavalry and 17th Poona horse into pieces of burning metals. Later 25th cavalry paraded captured Poona horse commandant tank, a prized possession.

Colonel Nisar and officers like Major Ahmad, Captain Effendi, Captain Shamshad, Captain Raza and JCOs like Risaldar Riaz and Naib Risaldar Khaliq snatched the victory from hands of Indian army.

Colonel Nisar along with four other officers, 10 soldiers and JCOs were awarded Sitara e Jurrat, making this regiment most decorated unit in one battle of Pakistan armored corps.

25th cavalry was given the battle honor of “Men of steel” by General Musa Khan after war.

Aftermath: Pakistan army successfully defended its territory as by 18 September Indian offensive involving 1st armored division and 6th division retreated to its defensive position and the 1st armored division (Fakhr e Hind) ceased its offensive operations for rest of war. The Indian army lost 120+ tanks and Pakistan only lost 44 tanks.


Operation Windup

A counter offensive was proposed by high command of Pakistan army to attack the retreating enemy, but it didn’t happen as it had no strategic importance as the enemy had suffered huge losses and was in no position of offensive operations also the government of Pakistan at that time had made mind to accept the Indian requested cease fire resolution in UN.

Thanks to the incompetency and complete poor operational capabilities of Indian army at unit and brigade level things turned out quite easy for Pakistan army.



Indian tanks captured.

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Today in 1965:
1st Armd Div of Pakistan Army was in trouble when its spearhead Bd, 4th Armd Bd led by Brig Anthony Albert Lumb, stepped into a death trap at Asal Uttar.

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Meanwhile.. Brig Ahsan Rasheed Shami, Cdr 1st Armd Div Arty Bd, was ambushed by enemy when he was inspecting his troops in Khemkaran sector.
A machine gun burst by 4th Grenadiers Regt of Indian Army fatally injured him. Brig AR Shami (in photo) is the highest rank martyred officer of Pakistan Army in 1965 war. He was posthumously awarded Hilal-i-Jurrat.
 
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An officer of Pak Army - Custom Office Khem Karan.
Date: 1965



and a group

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Indian prisoner of war after surrendering at Kham Karan.
Date: 1965


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Captain Syed Rahim Shah, OC 'A' Company of the 3ʳᵈ Frontier Force Regiment, which faced the brunt of the enemy onslaught throughout the Chobara-Chawinda campaign.

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The unit lost 67 troops in action, including 3 JCOs, and was awarded six Sitara-e-Jurat and four Tamgha-e-Jurat.
 
Zafarwal 1965

troops of the 14ᵗʰ Parachute Brigade, commanded by Brigadier Abdullah Niazi MC. he'd get an HJ for leading the formation, pitted against elements of Patrick Oswald Dunn's I Corps.

"Tiger" is standing second from right. can see Shermans of the 33ʳᵈ TDU too.


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"Tiger" was a nickname given by his brigade commander at Kohima, where he was awarded the Military Cross for fighting elements of the 31ˢᵗ Infantry Division of the Imperial Japanese Army, commanded by General Kotoku Sato, in 1944. check out that Sherman and jeep-mounted RR!


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