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Pakistan Navy Frigates & Destroyers Information pool

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Pakistan Navy Frigates & Destroyers
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This thread will concentrate on the PN frigates/destroyers.
I've tabulated the general sequence of inductions ,in the above picture & underlined the three surface vessels we would be pooling info on.

After pooling the basic info , we can start a healthy , well informed discourse



Some surface vessels will not be covered in this thread & you can find related threads in this link
http://www.defence.pk/forums/pakistan-navy/120966-fleet-review-4.html
http://www.defence.pk/forums/pakistan-navy/121013-two-stus-frigate-join-pn-fleet.html
http://www.defence.pk/forums/pakistan-navy/7350-mrtp-33-fast-attack-boats.html
http://www.defence.pk/forums/pakist...mat-fast-attack-craft-missile-discussion.html
http://www.defence.pk/forums/pakist...-class-attack-submarine-information-pool.html
http://www.defence.pk/forums/pakistan-navy/122230-cost-modern-warships.html
http://www.defence.pk/forums/pakistan-navy/87503-chinese-type-054a-frigate-compared.html
http://www.defence.pk/forums/pakistan-navy/33514-what-difference-between-frigate-destroyer.html
 
The Type 21 frigates, or Amazon-class frigates were built in the 1970s

The six surviving Type 21 frigates were sold to Pakistan in 1993–1994. The class was renamed by the Pakistani Navy as the Tariq class, after the first vessel that was acquired, the PNS Tariq, formerly HMS Ambuscade. All six ships remain in service, as of 2011. They have had their Sea Cat launcher removed, as well as their Exocet missiles. Three of the ships had their Exocet missiles replaced by the more capable US-made Harpoon missile, the other three were fitted with the Chinese 6-cell LY-60N Hunting Eagle surface-to-air missile system.


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9LV 200 MARK 3/9SCS MARK 3 Command and weapon control system.
http://articles.janes.com/articles/...-3-9LV-Mk-3E-9LV-Mk-4-CanACCS-9LV-Sweden.html

CS Defense Najir
http://articles.janes.com/articles/...Lynx-Naja-Najir-Panda-PIROS-RADOP-France.html
 
Pakistan's Type 21 frigates prepare for the 21st century

Pakistan acquired the six surviving examples of the UK Royal Navy's (RN) Type 21 Amazon class frigates in 1993. The first, PNS Tariq (formerly HMS Ambuscade) was commissioned in July of that year. In 1995, it was revealed that these 20-year-old ships, renamed Tariq class "destroyers" by their new owners, are to benefit from a major upgrade program.

The Type 21 was conceived in the mid-1960s to replace diesel-engined air-defence frigates of the Leopard (Type 41) and Salisbury (Type 61) classes. Unlike previous - and subsequent - British warships, they were designed by private shipbuilders to slightly less than RN standards. The objective was to produce an inexpensive frigate, which would secure export contracts.

The Royal Australian Navy, which was interested in the design and considered building five, provided up to a third of the design funding. In the event, inflation and the need to ensure the design met naval standards in key areas meant the first ship cost nearly four times what was orignally planned, and no export contract was ever awarded.

British configuration


Designed by Vosper Thornycroft and Yarrow from 1968, the Amazon class were the first custom-built frigates with gas-turbine propulsion. The first-of-class, HMS Amazon, was launched in 1971 and commissioned in May 1974. The vessels featured COGOG (combined-gas-or-gas propulsion). Although they handled easily, doubts were raised about the use of an all-aluminium superstructure to increase weapon load while reducing top weight. A fire in Amazon in 1977 caused severe damage; all later British frigates reverted to a steel superstructure.

The surface-sensor suite comprised the Marconi Type 992Q E/F-band (2-4GHz) search and target-indicator radar with a 6.4m-long slotted waveguide; the Decca (now Racal-Decca) Type 978 I/J-band (8-12GHz) navigation radar (later replaced by the Kelvin Hughes Type 1006 I-band system); and - to cut costs - the Italian Selenia (now Alenia) RTN-10X I-band (8-10GHz) conical-scan fire-control radar was acquired as Type 912.

The Type 992 produces a 1.25x15 beam with a peak power of 2MW, a pulse width of 2s and pulse-repetition frequency (PRF) of 750pps, with an effective range against an air target of 90nm (165km). The Type 912, with slatted parabolic antenna and feed, and television camera backup, has a peak power of 200kW, a pulse width of 1.5s and a PRF of up to 550pps. It can detect targets at ranges up to 35nm (65km). The electronic-support measures (ESM) suite was the MEL UAA-1 Abbey Hill operating in the 1-18Ghz range with instantaneous frequency measurement and a direction-finding accuracy of 3.5.

The two hull-mounted underwater sensors are the Kelvin Hughes Type 162M classification sonar and the Graseby Type 184. The Type 162M operates at 50kHz and is designed to detect submarines on the ocean floor. Three strip transducers produce fan-shaped 3x40 beams at ranges under 0.7nm (1.2km). The Type 184 has a circular 1.2m diameter 32-stave transducer and operates at 7.5kHz. This produces up to four beams, creating a 45 "searchlight arc" and the display system, which has torpedo-warning capability, can automatically track two targets.

The command and weapon-control system was the Ferranti (now Marconi S3I) Computer Assisted Action Information System, known as Outfit DBA 2, with Ferranti WSA-4 fire-control system. Both are mainframe systems based on the Ferranti FM 1600B 24-bit computer, using Coral 66 language software, with an operating speed of 200,000 operations/s and a memory of 780k. Outfit DBA had Decca navigation radar displays; WSA-4 had a four-man console.

The weapon system was disappointing, possibly due to difficulties in reducing weight and cost. The ships were originally fitted with the VSEL 4.5in (113mm) gun and the Shorts GWS 24 Seacat short-range (2.7nm or 5km) air-defence missile system, although they embarked a Wasp anti-submarine warfare (ASW) helicopter (later a Lynx).

From the third ship (Active) onwards, the GWS 50 (Aerospatiale MM38 Exocet) surface-to-surface missile (with a range of 22.5nm or 42km) was installed. The Plessey STWS-1 lightweight torpedo-launching system was installed in Active and Alacrity. Amazon and Ambuscade did not receive Exocets until 1985, and the remainder of the class, which did not receive STWS-1, was fitted with four 20mm Oerlikon Mk7A gun mountings instead. Decoy systems consisted of the Graseby Type 182 towed anti-torpedo unit and Vickers Corvus trainable, anti-missile munition launchers.

The weapons fit was little better than that of the improved Leander class of the early 1960s. However, design limitations and the reported overweight and top-heavy delivery (forcing ballast to be added) meant there was little room for improvement. Plans existed to install the British Aerospace Seawolf surface-to-air missile, with twice the range of Seacat and an anti-missile capability, but it was concluded this would adversely affect stability. In 1980, the RN announced the Amazon class would not receive a mid-life update, although plans existed to replace the search radar with Type 996 later in the decade.

Six of the eight ships participated in the 1982 Falklands (Malvinas) war. Antelope and Ardent were sunk by Argentine bombs, while Arrow suffered structural damage. Also, there was severe cracking in the upper deck structure due to environmental conditions in the South Atlantic. From 1983, large strengthening plates were added amid ships, increasing displacement by 350t. The last work done on these vessels by the RN (from 1988) was the modification of the hull to reduce noise and vibration.

Given the problems of upgrading these ships, it is surprising that the Pakistan Navy is embarking upon so radical a programme. The Amazon class was acquired to replace eight Garcia and Brooke class frigates leased from the United States; the last was commissioned in September 1994. At that time, the Pakistan Navy had a variety of warships, including two former RN Leander class frigates, a County class destroyer and five 40-year-old US Gearing class destroyers.

By retiring the Garcia and Brooke class (with their complex steam turbines), decommissioning three Gearings and the County class ship, then acquiring the Amazons, the Pakistan Navy has simplified its logistics infrastructure and reduced personnel levels by up to 3,000. A chief drawback of the new ships was their 1960s sensor and weapons fits, but the need to make effective use of these "destroyers" provided an upgrade imperative missing from the RN.

New sensor mix


The Type 912 (RTN-10X), although old, remains an effective sensor. However, the Type 992 (development of which began in 1948) required urgent replacement. The Signaal DA 08 has been selected, and six new systems have been ordered.

The DA 08 is a coherent pulse-compression E/F-band (2-4 GHz) radar with stabilised antenna, dating back to the late-1970s. Each pulse consists of a 1s non-modulated and one 34s or 68s frequency-swept element with PRFs of 1,000 and 500pps, respectively, while the scan rate is either 10 or 20rpm. Resolution is 1.5 in azimuth and 120m in range, providing greater accuracy and better electronic-countermeasures performance, although the range against a 2m2 object is virtually the same as the earlier sensor. As the radar had already been upgraded to digital format by the RN the displays will be compatible with the new radar.

Complementing these electronic sensors will be a CS Defense Najir Mk2 electro-optical director. This is a remotely operated unit equipped with a SAT Murene thermal imager, Radamec HK 202 television camera and CILAS THS 304 laser rangefinder. It is capable of controlling the fire of two guns of different calibres. Only three systems have been acquired and it is unknown whether options exist for another three.

The elderly UAA-1 ESM system has been replaced by a Thomson-CSF DR 3000S suite. This uses new technology including a low-noise amplifier in the antenna to achieve higher sensitivity and better direction-finding accuracy, usually less than 1. The instantaneous frequency measurement is fast enough to operate within a pulse or sub-pulse basis and with an accuracy to within a few MHz. The improved processor can automatically handle up to 256 series of pulses and the system has a large library. Installation of the DR 3000S system will, however, require the mast to be shortened.

Pakistan should reap considerable operational and economic benefits by having common software for its electronic-warfare (EW) systems, given purchase of the same system for maritime-patrol aircraft and the possibility of similar acquisitions for three new French-built submarines.

The BAeSEMA/Thomson Sintra ATAS active towed-array sonar has been fitted into two of the ships and another two systems might be installed. (This would be consistent with the acquisition of four new command systems.) There are reports that the Type 184 sonar may be upgraded, possibly with improved processing. Whether this happens remains to be seen, but it seems logical as this would be cheaper than replacing the sonar.

Improvements in sensors will be matched by replacing the 30-year-old technology in the command-and-weapon-control system with a new-generation CelsiusTech 9LV Mk3. This system usually has its own radar director. CelsiusTech of Sweden, responsible for installing its 9LV Mk3 command system in the former-RN Type 21 frigates purchased by the Pakistan Navy, has awarded Park Air Electronics (PAE) of the UK a contract to refurbish and upgrade the radio communications.

The heart of the system will be PAE's Outfit 1207 V/UHF AM/FM transceivers. These were developed by the company to be form-fit-function compatible with the Outfit 1203, already on the vessels. These will be supplied to Pakistan to provide frequency-agile UHF voice communications, in concert with the Link Y encrypted data messages system, with interfaces to other communications elements in the network.

The refurbishment programme comprises multi-channel voice and data links in HF, VHF and UHF bands, with frequency-agility where appropriate, for surface-to- air, ship-to-ship and ship-to-shore communications. In addition, PAE will supply Type 3030 UHF, frequency-agile transceivers for use as base stations on shore.

The Type 21s will be fitted with the CelsiusTech 9LV Mk3 command, control and communications (C3) system, which is a fully-distributed processor system programmed in Ada, at the Naval Dockyard in Karachi. The contract includes a Naval Headquarters C3 System as well as equipment for a training centre.

The 9LV Mk3 uses distributed architecture based on the 32-bit Motorola 68000 family of microprocessors and Ada software. The system operates faster, and with a much larger memory, including 4Mb RAM and 256k EPROM, making it much more capable than its predecessor. The main hardware consists of multirole workstations which are software-driven and linked by an Ethernet-standard local-area network to provide greater flexibility. Some of the existing displays will be retained.

Revised firepower


The Pakistan Navy has offset the cost of new electronics by transferring weapons from decommissioned destroyers. The RN's Exocet systems were removed before the ships were transferred, and are being replaced with Harpoon Block IC missiles. These have longer range (124km) and greater capability, including a capacity for indirect attack and re-acquiring targets. The missiles are from the Gearings, as is the Phalanx Mk15 close-in weapon system (CIWS), which replaces Seacat. The ships will be equipped with the Mk36 SRBOC (super rapid bloom, offboard, countermeasures) decoy launcher, which has a wider range of munitions than the Corvus.

The most interesting of the weapons is the newly acquired Bofors Underwater Systems Tp45 (formerly known as Tp43X2) lightweight torpedo. This is the first sale of the system outside Scandinavia. These are wire-guided, electrically powered weapons optimised for use against quiet submarines in shallow water.

Developed for the Royal Swedish Navy, the 400mm diameter Torpedo 43X2 combines wire guidance (allowing for two-way data transmission between the launch platform and the torpedo prior to the terminal homing phase) with a hydro-acoustic homing head. For ship-launch Torpedo 43X2 is fired from a high pressure compressed air launcher which can be mounted in single to quadruple configurations. The 50kg warhead has both impact and proximity fuzes. The use of wire-guided weapons is surprising as it restricts ship performance in open water. Quadruple-launchers will be installed on four of the six ships, but may not replace STWS-1 in the two non-modernised ships, possibly Badr and Shahjahan.

While the rest of western forces have standardised on 324mm diameter lightweight torpedoes, Sweden's Bofors Underwater Systems continues to develop its line of 400mm weapons for ship-, submarine- and air-launched applications. The current in-service weapon, the wire-guided Torpedo began development in 1990 and represents the fourth generation of 400mm weapons used by Sweden.

Torpedo 43X2 is itself an upgrade of the earlier 43X0, replacing the earlier homing head with a new multimode (active, passive and simultaneous active/passive) transducer and signal processor essentially identical to that fitted to the new torpedo 2000 heavyweight. Optimised for shallow water conditions, it is claimed to be able to track multiple targets against a background of environmental noise and acoustic countermeasures. Power is supplied by an Ag-Zn battery unit feeding a geared DC electric motor via a thyristor switch. One of three alternative run speeds can be selected.

The installation of Phalanx and SRBOC underlines Pakistan's concerns about a major weakness of this class: its poor air-defence capability, which has been aggravated by the removal of Seacat. When acquired, the frigates had two, or four, Mk7A 20mm Oerlikon mountings of Second World War vintage, and there were reports that two twin 30mm Royal Ordnance GCM-AO3 and two single 20mm RO GAM-BO1 would be fitted. Industrial sources now say that Pakistan has ordered the MSI Defence DS30B mount with a single 30mm Oerlikon KCB, although the company refuses to comment.

Defensive role


According to industry sources, only three sets of the DS30B will be fitted in those ships with the new Najir directors. It seems likely that, on deployment, the frigates will carry a party of marines with man-portable surface-to-air systems (such as Stinger) but MSI does offer the SIGMA gun/missile combination, which is compatible with Stinger. The same limitations which prevented the British installing Seawolf seem likely to prevent replacement of the surface-to-air missile system.

The Tariq class has a defensive role which reaches a little beyond the narrow continental shelf, and there is equal emphasis upon the anti-surface warfare (ASuW) and ASW tasks. Given Pakistan's dependence on maritime oil deliveries, and the threat posed by India's force of eight Kilo class and four Type 209/1400 diesel-electric submarines, the ASW role is understandable.

The ASuW role must be viewed in light of Pakistan's recent naval experience: in December 1971, Indian fast attack craft attacked Karachi with SS-N-2 Styx missiles, causing great damage and sinking the destroyer Khaibar, the minesweeper Muhafiz, and several merchant ships.

The Tariq class is subject to a modular upgrade in which all ships receive new radars and EW systems, but command/weapon control, sonar, ASW and gun-system upgrades will vary from ship to ship. It is unclear which ships will receive which equipment, and no programme start dates have been revealed.

Britain's Devonport Management Limited recently received a US$530,000 contract from CelsiusTech to assist in integrating the command system, which suggests the programme will begin later this year. Curiously, industrial sources say that Pakistan may issue a consultancy contract to foreign firms about the future roles of these ships.

Nevertheless, by a judicious mix of new acquisitions and recycling of existing equipment, the Pakistan Navy has adopted a cost-effective solution to extend the Tariq class frigates' operational life well into the next century.
Type 21 Tariq Class

Tariq Class (UK Amazon Type 21)

Pakistan's Navy classifies these ships as Destroyers, but at 3,500 tons displacement by modern standards they are more properly classified as Frigates, which was how they were classified in British service.

In 1988, the Pakistani and UK Government set up a joint committee to explore future requirements during a low key visit of Lord Tref Garne, the then UK Minister of State for defence procurement. Discussion for the purchase of 6 ex-RN AMAZON class frigates began in 1992. The Tariq class Frigates (ex-RN AMAZON class frigates) were acquired from the United Kingdom in 1993-94 in order to replace the Garcia class and Brooke class frigates which, due to the Pressler Ammendment, Pakistan had to return four Brooke (Badr)-class and four Garcia (Saif)-class frigates to the United States at the end of their five-year lease.

The first Uk Amazon Type 21 frigate was turned over to the Pakistan Navy in July 1993 and arrived in Pakistan some four months later after a period of preparation work and training. The second purchased arrived in late 1993 and the last two in January 1995. Upon delivery, the first four underwent upgrade to equip them with the 9LV Mk3 command, control and communication system as well as Bofors torpedoes and, reportedly, the BAeSEMA-Thomson Sintra active towed array sonars.

Currently Pakistan Navy operates 6 ex UK Type-21 Class Destroyers. The Type-21 ships were acquired from UK after Brooke & Garcia Class were returned to USA in 1991. These were formally inducted in PN from 1993 to 1995 and are the major surface combatants of PN since then. At the time of acquisition, the weapons and sensors were of old vintage and were not compatible with modern Naval Warfare trends, hence, a comprehensive modernization was carried out. As of 2008, all six ships remain in service. They have had their Sea Cat launcher removed, as well as the Exocets. Three of the ships had the Exocets replaced by the more capable Harpoon missile. In 2005, it was reported that a Chinese made LY-60 / FD-60 / PL10 (Hunting Eagle - Navy version) anti-air missile launcher was installed aboard the other three frigates by Pakistan.

PNS TARIQ was named after a great Muslim conqueror TARIQ BIN ZIYAD. His conquest of Gibraltar led to the extension of Muslim rule of Europe. The life of TARIQ BIN ZIYAD is full of achievements, which are source of great inspiration to Muslims all over the world; sailors of Pakistan Navy are no exception. They take great pride in serving onboard their ship that has been named after one of the greatest leaders in Islamic history. The present PNS TARIQ (D-181), ex-HMS AMBUSCADE, is the third ship in Pakistan Navy to hold this name. This ship was commissioned as PNS TARIQ on 28 July 1993 at Davenport, Plymouth (UK). She was the first of the Type-21 frigates to be built by Yarrow Ltd. of Glasgow and launched on 17 January 1973. Commissioned as HMS AMBUSCADE into the Royal Navy on 5 September 1975, she was the seventh ship in Royal Navy to hold this name. Her career has encompassed all aspects of a warship's life from exercise to guard ship duties and from peacetime visits to the full heat of the war in the Falkland Islands. Present PNS TARIQ, being the pioneer of six Type-21's has been fully modernized in Pakistan with state of the art weapons and sensors. While being alive to the services rendered by her predecessors, PNS TARIQ is well poised to meet her commitments. PNS TARIQ has undergone a major modification with regard to her weapons and sensors. The ship is equipped with modern state of the art weapons, sensors and Command and Control system. PNS TARIQ is an ASW and AAW unit of 25th Destroyer Squadron of Pakistan Navy. The ship participated in LIMA 99 in November 1999 and was deployed for CMCP in 2004. The ship won the Efficiency Shield for the year 2003.

PNS TIPPU SULTAN is the third ship in the Pakistan Navy to have this name. The first one was an ex-Royal Navy 'O' class frigate which proudly served from 1949 to 1979 and fought in the Indo-Pak wars of 1965 and 1971. The second ship to take this name was an ex-US Navy Gearing class destroyer which served the Navy from 1979 to 1993. She is the youngest of the Type-21 class frigates built by the Royal Navy. First commissioned on 15 April 1978, she served as HMS Avenger in the Royal Navy before handing over to Pakistan Navy. PNS Tippu Sultan is part of the 25th Destroyer Squadron of the Pakistan Fleet. The mission of PNS Tippu Sultan is to maintain the standards of professionalism and excellence which are a hallmark of the Pakistan Navy.

PNS BABUR (Ex - HMS AMAZON (F-169)) has been named after ZAHEERUDDIN MUHAMMAD BABUR, the founder of the Moughal dynasty, which ruled the Indian subcontinent for nearly three centuries. She was the lead ship of its class (Type-21 frigate) and was launched on 26 April 1971 at Woolston Yard, Southampton. Traditionally, PNS BABUR has been the Flag Ship of Pakistan Navy and had distinction of being Flag Ship during the two wars of 1965 and 1971 with India. The Ex PNS BABUR (C-84) also spearheaded the famous bombardment on Dwarka in the 1965 war. PNS BABUR is a front line destroyer of the fleet at the moment with state of the art equipment, weapons and sensors onboard manned by highly worked up, professional and motivated personnel. The ship is designed to provide effective defence of a convoy or other force against attack by surface ships or submarines. It is a highly maneuverable platform owing to its gas turbine propulsion which can attain a top speed of 30 Knots in 60 seconds.

PNS KHAIBAR derives its name from a famous battle in 629 AD during which the seemingly impregnable fortress of KHAIBAR was overcome by Muslim forces led by HAZRAT ALI under the guidance of Holy Prophet MUHAMMAD (PBUH). PNS KHAIBAR is the third ship of Pakistan Navy to be so named and was commissioned in 1994. The first was an ex-Royal Navy Battle class destroyer. The second was a Brooke class destroyer obtained from the United States in 1989. PNS KHAIBAR (Ex HMS ARROW) is the third of six Type-21 'AMAZON' class frigates acquired from UK. These ships were basically designed as ASW frigates. However, they have been modernized by PN to combat effectively in all dimensions of modern warfare. Ship is primarily equipped for AAW and ASW operations with limited capability of anti surface operations. PNS BADR(Ex - HMS ALACRITY (F-174)) is one of the frontline surface unit of PN which is equipped with modern weapons and sensors to effectively operate in multi threat scenario. Ship has participated in all sea programs with alacrity.

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Tariq Class (UK Amazon Type 21)
 
Oliver Hazard Perry class frigate

Also known as the Perry or FFG-7 class, the warships were designed in the United States in the mid-1970s.

The Oliver Hazard Perry-class frigates were designed primarily as anti-aircraft and anti-submarine warfare guided-missile warships intended to provide open-ocean escort of amphibious warfare ships and merchant ship convoys in moderate threat environments in a potential war with the Soviet Union and the Warsaw Pact countries. They could also provide air defense against 1970s- and 1980s-era aircraft and anti-ship missiles. These warships are equipped to escort and protect aircraft carrier battle groups, amphibious landing groups, underway replenishment groups, and merchant ship convoys. They can conduct independent operations to perform such tasks as surveillance of illegal drug smugglers, maritime interception operations, and exercises with other nations.

The addition of the Naval Tactical Display System, LAMPS helicopters, and the Tactical Towed Array System (TACTAS) gave these warships a combat capability far beyond the original expectations. They are well-suited for the littoral regions and most war-at-sea scenarios.

Pakistan: Six to be transferred,The former USS McInerney transferred to Pakistani Navy in August 2010


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Preparing warships for new careers
Overhaul prepares Pakistani frigate for sea

Maritime Propulsion | Overhaul prepares Pakistani frigate for sea
By Capt. Edward Lundquist, USN (Ret.)


When a U.S. Navy ship leaves the fleet upon decommissioning, it often finds a new career with allied navies.
The ex-USS McInerney (FFG 8)—the second ship of the Oliver Hazard Perry class to be commissioned and more than 30 years old—is now the PNS Alamgir in the Pakistani Navy.

VSE Corporation is the prime contractor, with the work performed at BAE Systems Southeast Division (formerly Atlantic Marine Florida) in Jacksonville, Florida. “She’ll get a substantial overhaul to her systems. She has a considerable amount of future service life ahead of her,” says Bob Gronenberg, the deputy program manager for ship transfers for Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA) in Washington, DC, the executing agency of Foreign Military Sales (FMS) ship transfers.

Necessary repairs and upgrades are accomplished in the U.S. In fact the law requires that the turnover must be conducted in the U.S, and the receiving country must pay all costs, but foreign military aid funds can be applied to FMS transfers.

VSE is often called upon to provide foreign crew support, including messing and berthing until the ship is ready for crew move aboard and the crew is self sustaining. “VSE also manages efficient and responsive post-transfer, follow-on technical support and logistics chains that supply technical assistance and material to recipients of former USN ships to sustain those ships and systems,” says Karl Dinkler, vice president for the GLOBAL Division of VSE’s International Group. “We stay engaged. The transfer is just the first piece.”

The VSE Ship Transfer Assistance Team (STAT) will provide tailored training to prepare the foreign crew to operate their ship. “This training can consist of classroom sessions, on-the-job training and culminates in a light off assessment and at sea exercises modeled after those employed by the US Navy’s Afloat Training Group,” says Dinkler.

With the commissioning of Alamgir on Aug 31, 2010, Pakistan becomes ninth navy to operate Oliver Hazard Perry-class frigates, joining Bahrain, Egypt, Poland, Turkey, Australia, Spain, Taiwan and the U.S. Navy.

Dinkler says that of the 43 ships that VSE has transferred since 1995, all but one (which was transferred as a logistics asset) is still in service.

Dave Wright leads the VSE prime contractor team in Jacksonville, which oversees logistics, industrial work and training. “We qualify the crew in firefighting and damage control, PMS and 3-M, and we train to U.S. Navy PQS standards,” he says.

Although VSE has conducted numerous transfers, Wright says the process is dynamic, and evolving. “We have a diverse customer base. Each foreign navy has their desires, needs and wants. The basic process is the same, but the methodology has evolved. We’ve transferred FFGs before, so we didn’t have to reinvent the wheel with this one. A lot of the work done for one ship is the same as the next.”
The extent of the overhaul is dependent on the initial inspection, says Wright.

“There are always surprises,” he says. “We’re prepared for that.”

Work was extensive on most equipment, VSE’s Ken Boone says. All four diesels were removed from the ship and received a complete overhaul. AC units and reefers were overhauled. A completely new, state of the art, navigation suite was installed. The SQS-56 sonar was completely overhauled, including changing to a composite dome. The bridge was completely overhauled and upgraded. A VIP cabin was designed and installed. All shafting was removed and renovated, the controllable pitch propeller system overhauled. Fuel oil tanks and voids were cleaned, inspected, repaired and painted. All sea valves were removed and either repaired or replaced.”

“Virtually every pump was opened and inspected and 80 percent being overhauled as a result of those inspections. NR3 Switchboard was completely overhauled. All breakers for equipment that was worked on were inspected and cleaned and, when required, repaired. All ventilation fans/motors were inspected and approximately 50 percent overhauled as a result of that inspection. The windlass was overhauled. The boat davit was completely overhauled.”

“The ship came off the dock in late November, the crew moved aboard in December and we are working up for Sea Trials in the next 10 days or so,” says Boone. “We're looking at sail away on Feb. 11.”

Yes, they will replace Amazon class and will become the mainstay of PN surface combatants. Extensively overhauled, upgraded, and equipped with state of the art weapons, radar, sonar etc. This has pushed the induction date from August to February. SM-1MR or SM-2 is likely to be the air defense missile, Plalanx 1b CIWS, block 2 Harpoons etc...
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Perrys for Pakistan: USS McInerney & the Alamgir Class

Oliver Hazard Perry Class frigates do still serve with the US Navy, but American ships have had their bow-mounted Mk.13 launch systems for SM-1 Standard air defense and RGM-84 Harpoon anti-ship missiles removed. Those changes leave just torpedoes and a 76mm naval gun for offense, and the 20mm Phalanx CIWS as the ships’ main defensive weapon. In Pakistan’s case, fixed RGM-84 Harpoon missile launchers have been added, to give the ships naval combat capabilities.

Further reports indicate that McInerney’s refurbishments are aimed at mechanical remediation and improving its anti-submarine capability only, making the term “guided missile frigate” something of a misnomer for Pakistan’s new ships. Unless Pakistan undertakes additional approved work, its Alamgir Class will be anti-submarine frigates only, their weaponry outclassed by Pakistan’s new Chinese F-22P/ Zulfiquar Class multi-role frigates, and even its older British Type 21/ Tariq Class ships. On the other hand, the 8 planned ships will be filling an important coastal patrol and anti-submarine role, at a bargain price.

The US DSCA notes that over half of Afghanistan’s heroin is smuggled through Pakistan, using overland routes. After that, it has to get to world markets, and most of it is shipped by sea. As Somali pirates continue to expand their range across the Indian Ocean, Pakistan’s Navy will also find itself confronting them on a more regular basis.

Contracts and Key Events


Transfer ceremony

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March 21/11: PNS Alamgir sails for Pakistan from Mayport, FL. The DSCA release confirms that the frigate has mounted sub-sonic RGM-84 Harpoon anti-ship missiles, in addition to its 76mm gun and lightweight torpedo launchers. The PNS Alamgir will take 53 days to pass through the Panama Canal and sail to Pakistan. It will then join the Pakistan Navy Maritime Patrol mission as part of Coalition Maritime Forces counter-narcotics and counter-terror operations (CTF-150) as well as counter-piracy efforts around the Gulf of Aden, the Arabian Sea, the Indian Ocean and the Red Sea (CTF-151).

Beyond the $58.7 million of Foreign Military Financing funds used to refurbish the ship, an additional $6.5 million was spent on specialized training for Pakistan’s 240 sailors in the ship’s engineering, navigation and combat systems. US DSCA.

Jan 8/10: USN Capt. Edward Lundquist (Ret.) describes the overhaul process for Pakistan’s Alamgir, which has to be conducted in the USA as part of the deal. VSE Corporation is the prime contractor, with work performed at BAE Systems Southeast Division (formerly Atlantic Marine Florida) in Jacksonville, FL, and US Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA) in Washington, DC as the executing agency.

Most of the work was mechanical. All 4 diesels were removed and overhauled, along with air conditioning units and refrigeration. Fuel oil tanks and voids were cleaned, inspected, repaired and painted, all shafting was removed and renovated, and the controllable pitch propeller system was overhauled. Likewise, sea valves were removed and either repaired or replaced, and almost every pump was opened and inspected, resulting in an 80% overhaul rate there. Ventilators and fans went through a similar process, with a 50% overhaul rate. Breakers, the NR3 switchboard, the windlass and boat davit all got inspections and overhauls. Completely new equipment includes a new navigation suite and bridge, the composite dome over the fully overhauled SQS-56 sonar, and a VIP cabin.

Meanwhile, VSE’s Ship Transfer Assistance Team (STAT) provides training that’s capped by a light off assessment, and at sea exercises modeled after those employed by the US Navy’s Afloat Training Group. The crew of PNS Alamgir moved aboard in December 2010, and are being qualified in firefighting and damage control, PMS and 3-M, and trained to U.S. Navy PQS standards. Sea trials are expected in mid-late January 2011, with a goal of sailing PNS Alamgir away on Feb 11/10.

Aug 31/10: The frigate USS McInerney is slated for inactivation, and re-commissioned as PNS Alamgir.

April 20/10: Pakistan signs a contract to purchase and refurbish the USS McInerney. The purchase is free, but reported terms for the refurbishment vary from $64.77 – $78.0 million. The frigate is expected to be re-commissioned as PNS Alamgir on Aug 31/10, following refurbishments aimed at improving its anti-submarine capabilities.

Pakistan’s Defence Procurement Attache Captain Abdur Rehman reportedly inked the contract, and this is reportedly the first of a planned Pakistani fleet of 8 Perry Class frigates. Pakistan’s DAWN | India’s IANS | Russia’s RIA Novosti.

Feb 19/10: US DSCA announces [PDF] Pakistan’s official request for the initial ship, plus plus refurbishment, onboard spares, spare and repairs parts, support equipment, publications and technical data, and U.S. Government and contractor support.

The prime contractor is unknown at this time, but the estimated cost of the initial transfer plus refurbishment and support is $78 million. Implementation of this proposed sale will not require the assignment of any U.S. Government and contractor representatives to Pakistan.

Oct 18/08: Pakistan’s The Nation reports that President George W. Bush has approved the transfer of USS McInerney [FFG 8] to Pakistan. Cost is expected to be $65 million, and the ship is intended to monitor Pakistani territorial waters.
Perrys for Pakistan: USS McInerney & the Alamgir Class


FFG-7 OLIVER HAZARD PERRY class

Admittedly, that is with Mk13, Stir, Harpoon and SM1.... Still, the ASW capability is untouched even without those. Meanwhile, Harpoon could easily be lifted and transferred from retiring Type 21s, as was done from Gearings to Type 21s. All that would be needed is a SAM system.

The lack of a SAM can be very easily and cost-effectively addressed via one Mk 49 21-round launcher for the RIM-116 Rolling Airframe Missile, or its chinese equivalent FL-300N missile system, forward of the bridge. Maybe even two, if you replace the Phalanx CIWS as well. Or use 1-2 SeaRAM systems, which integrate 11x RAM within a single CIWS mount.


FFG-7 OLIVER HAZARD PERRY-class Weapons

''While the guided missile frigates (FFG) bring an anti-air warfare (AAW) capability to the frigate mission, they have some limitations. The FFG-7 Class has good capability against (2 or less) medium and high altitude ASMs. If equipped with the SM-1 BLK VIB and Mod 6 FCS, it also has a good capability against low altitude ASMs. It features an improved 2D air search radar, and high SM-1 salvo rate against a single target. However, the cycle time for SM-1 is relatively long, and the capability against low ASMs for Mod 2/SM-1 BLK VIA ships is poor. Radar illuminator blockage zones are excessive, and the radars must illuminate target continuously during missile flight. The long range air search radar is 2D, and track capacity is limited.''g

Switching to SM2 doesnt solve the issues of long cycle time, excessive radar illuminator blockage zones, limited search radar track capacity, having only a single illuminator for missile guidance etc. (WM-25 could also illuminate but only out to ranges far less than that of SM2). Not even on ships that are refitted with GENESIS. So it is questional whether such a refit with SM2 would be worth the expenditure for PN. Particularly if the ships are not intended to serve as ships for limited area air defence.

Now, if you were talking about installing a mk41 tactical VLU forward with 32 ESSM (about same range as SM1) and reinstatement of STIR, then it would be a different story alltogether ...
 
Former U.S. Naval Ship Sails to its New Homeport in Pakistan


(Source: US Defense Security Cooperation Agency; issued March 25, 2011)



The Pakistani warship, the PNS Alamgir, officially departed from Naval Station Mayport after several months of refurbishment and the training of its personnel on 21 March. It is scheduled to arrive at its home port in Karachi, Pakistan 53 days from now.

The PNS Alamgir started its life as the USS McInerney (FFG-8), an Oliver Hazard Perry class frigate. Pakistan acquired it from the U.S. under the Department of Defense Excess Defense Articles program because the U.S. Navy planned to decommission it after 31 years of service. Pakistan signed the transfer deal on 21 April 2010 and it was formally transferred during a ceremony at Naval Station Mayport on 31 August 2010.

The frigate underwent dry docking and pier-side refurbishment at BAE Systems Southeast Shipyards from September 2010 to March 2011 using $58.7 million of Foreign Military Financing funds.

The frigate is equipped with anti-ship missiles, a 76-mm naval gun, and torpedo launchers. It can also carry two SH-60 Seahawk multi-purpose helicopters.

There was an additional $6.5 million spent on specialized training on the ship’s engineering, navigation and combat systems for the crew of 240 Pakistani sailors during the overhaul.

The PNS Alamgir will join the Pakistan Navy Maritime Patrol (MARPAT) mission which is a critical piece in Coalition Maritime Forces counter-narcotics and counter-terror operations (CTF-150) as well as counter-piracy efforts around the Gulf of Aden, the Arabian Sea, the Indian Ocean and the Red Sea (CTF-151).

LCDR Raja Hussain, the Pakistan Foreign Military Sales Country Program Director for the Navy International Programs Office -- the organization responsible for brokering the deal -- said that the transfer is tactically crucial. “Pakistan is already an active partner in each taskforce and has even taken command of CTF 150 four times,” said Hussain. “This transfer not only strengthens the partnership between the two nations, but it will also pave the way for future military-to-military exchanges.”

The Pakistan Navy can also use the frigate to monitor its country’s coastline for illegal narcotics trafficking. “Over half of the heroin coming from Afghanistan is smuggled through Pakistan. There is a relationship as narcotics trafficking sometimes serves as a financial base for terrorist operations,” he said. “Therefore, missions on the coastline serve to increase stability in the region and enhance the national security of the United States.”

Former U.S. Naval Ship Sails to its New Homeport in Pakistan

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*GENESIS* FFG-7 frigate upgrades offer a new lease of life
Under the G-Class Frigate CMS (combat management system Modernisation Programme (G-GCMP), the Turkish Naval Forces Command is implementing a comprehensive combat management, fire control and tactical datalink modernisation for its eight ex-USN FFG-7 frigates, now known locally as the G-class.

Central to this effort is the introduction of the GENESIS (Gemi Entegre Savas; Idare Sistemi) open architecture CMS, a system nurtured within the navy's own Software Development Centre in Golcuk then subsequently migrated to Havelsan for further development and production.

According to Havelsan, GENESIS modernises and expands the C2 functionality offered by the legacy FFG-7 tactical data handling system, while at the same time leveraging its original foundation to interface with ship's sensors, weapons and platform data. GENESIS has been developed by Havelsan, under the sponsorship of the navy and the Turkish Undersecretariat of Defence (SSM), as a 'common core' architecture to meet a range of ship- and shore-based requirements; other variants are being developed for the MILGEM corvette project and land-based command, control, communication, computer and intelligence (C4I) centres.
As part of the G-GCMP upgrade, the new GENESIS CMS is intended to significantly reduce anti-ship missile defence reaction time (and so increase the weapon engagement window), improve situational awareness and support tactical decision-making by exploiting modern COTS computers and network technology. Key features include automatic detection and tracking, automated reaction functionality, a multiilink capability and embedded onboard training software.

Legacy shortcomings

Havelsan points out that the legacy FFG-7 combat direction system suffers from a series of shortcomings including: an obsolete hardware design that comprises performance and reliability; limited track capacity (64 targets) as a result of the limited memory (386 kb) of the old AN/UYK-7 Weapon System Processor (WSP); manual tracking of air and surface targets, limiting the accuracy and number of tracks; an outdated, low-resolution human machine interface; manual decoy launching capability only; no integration of the Phalanx CIWS (operates in autonomous Mode only); and limitations in processing and communication result in slow detect-to-engage times. The company also points out that the legacy system has limited future growth capacity due to its central processor architecture.

GENESIS runs on a redundant Gigabit Ethernet LAN and interfaces with all weapon, sensor and platform systems through common subsystem interface units (SIU). A central interface unit replaces both weapon control consoles (WCCs) and is interfaced via an SIU to GENESIS, enabling all WCC functions to be performed by GENESIS consoles.
The WSP is replaced with an open and distributed architecture CMS that runs on modern COTS processors and workstations. While the Mk 92 Mod 2 fire-control system remains, the UYK-7 computer that was used as the WSP is reconfigured as a cold backup replacement of the Mk 92 WCP.

The GENESIS implementation on board the Gaziantep class sees the original Command Integration Capability equipment stripped out, with all legacy OJ-197 and OJ-194 consoles removed together with the WCCs associated with the Mk 92 fire-control system. In their place, the GENESIS fit for G-GCMP introduces eight operator consoles with dual flat panel displays; two tactical consoles with side-by-side displays; and a large screen display. Additional features include integrated video distribution with multiple topside cameras, customised commanding officer and bridge displays, and digital data recording.

According to Havelsan, GENESIS is able to manage up to 1,000 tracks, and is able to perform automatic detection, tracking and correlation with multiple radars. As well as the SPS-49 radar, the system also integrates the Decca navigation radar, IFF (identification, friend-or-foe) and Phalanx CIWS. In the latter case, Phalanx can operate in either standalone or remote modes controlled by GENESIS, offering a capability to be used against air and surface targets at short range. Also, GENESIS enables Phalanx to engage a Mk 92 target.

Harpoon is integrated into GENESIS using a six-word direct interface. Background information can be supplied to the system automatically, reducing engagement planning time and improving accuracy.
Chaff/infrared decoy control functionality is embedded in GENESIS. This enables automatic threat identification, decoy launch and speed/course to steer recommendations to maximise effectiveness.

A new MilSOFT-developed Multi Purpose Tactical Datalink System (MP-TDLS) is also being implemented. MP-TDLS provides a seamless Link 11/16 capability, with potential future growth to Link 22.

The first GENESIS fit to TCG Gemlik was completed in mid-2007 and a further three ships have since received the system.

The remaining four FFG-7 frigates are due to receive GENESIS by the end of 2012. This quartet will also be retrofitted with ESSM, fired from a new Mk 41 vertical launcher. In February 2009, Lockheed Martin announced a Foreign Military Sales (FMS) award to upgrade the Mk 92 fire-control system on the G-class to support the introduction of ESSM. This marks the first FMS sale of the company's solid-state CWI transmitter.

Havelsan and Raytheon Integrated Defense Systems in 2009 signed a teaming agreement to co-operatively market worldwide, with a particular focus on FFG-7 retrofits. Jane's understands that GENESIS has already been demonstrated to the Egyptian and Pakistani navies.

Full (17 page) Article here.
Jane's International Defence Review - Keep on keeping on: FFG-7 frigate upgrades offer a new lease of life
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G_class_frigate
 
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Command and control




The frigates' combat data system is the naval tactical data system (NTDS).
The Perry Class weapon control system is the Mark 92 FCS which provides X-band radar surveillance integrated with target tracking and fire control for the guns and missile systems. Lockheed Martin is the design agent for the mk92 FCS which is a US derivative of the Thales Netherlands Signaal WM28 fire control system.
Guns




The ship's main gun is the Oto Melara mk75, 76mm naval gun which fires 6kg anti-aircraft shells to a range of 12km and anti-surface ship rounds to 16km.
The close-in-weapon system is the Raytheon mk15 block 1B Phalanx six-barrel 20mm gun. The CIWS fires 4,500 rounds a minute to a range of 1.5km. Phalanx provides short-range defence against surface and airborne incoming threats including high-speed surface craft.
The ships carry four general-purpose 12.7mm machine guns and can be fitted with 25mm mk38 guns supplied by Boeing.
Missiles




The US ships' surface-to-air and surface-to-surface missiles were removed in 2004 but the ship supports Penguin-missile-armed LAMPS III helicopters.
Other nations' Perry Class frigates retain the missile system capability with the Boeing Harpoon surface-to-surface missiles and Raytheon Standard SM-1MR surface-to-air missiles.

Torpedoes

Torpedoes are fired from two deck-mounted mk32 triple-tube torpedo tubes. The ship's torpedoes are the Alliant Techsystems (ATK) mk46 mod 5 lightweight anti-submarine torpedoes and the ATK mk50 torpedo.

The mk46 mod 5 has a range of 11km. The torpedo is armed with a 44kg warhead and uses passive and active homing to approach the target at a speed of 40kt.
The mk50 torpedo is armed with a 45kg shaped charge warhead and has a range of 15km. The torpedo uses active and passive homing and has a speed of 50kt.
Aircraft

The ship accommodates two Sikorsky SH-60B LAMPS III Seahawk helicopters. The ship has two hangars and a 410m² helicopter deck fitted with a single landing spot and a RAST recovery assist securing and traversing system. The ship is equipped to support LAMPS (light airborne multipurpose system) missions.
The ship's AN/URN-25 TACAN tactical air navigation transponder provides aircraft with data on range, bearing and identification. The IFF interrogator is the mkXII AIMS UPX-29.
The SH-60B LAMPS mkIII helicopter has all weather capability for point defence against submarines and surface ships, and can also carry out fleet support, vertical replenishment, search and rescue and medical evacuation.
Countermeasures

The Perry Class frigates have two deck-mounted six-barrelled SRBOC mk36 decoy dispensers. The Lockheed Martin Sippican super rapid bloom offboard countermeasures SRBOC mk36 launches infrared and chaff flares to counter electro-optically and radar guided missiles and fire control systems.
The Perry Class is also fitted with the BAE Systems Australia mk53 Nulka active expendable decoys for protection against radar-guided anti-ship missiles. Nulka is rocket-propelled and operates over a broad radio band.
The torpedo decoys are the older T-Mk 6 Fanfare towed decoy or the Argon ST SLQ-25 Nixie towed decoy.

The Perry Class frigates are equipped with the Raytheon SLQ-32(V)2 radar warning and jamming electronic warfare system. The AN/SLQ-32(V) detects hostile radar emissions and analyses the pulse repetition rate, scan mode, scan period, and frequency. The system identifies the threat and direction, provides a warning signal, interfaces to the ship's countermeasures systems and jams the hostile radar systems.
Sensors

The ship's radar suite includes the Raytheon SPS-49(V)5 or (V)4 air search radar which operates over C and D bands. The radar detects aircraft to a range of 460km. The surface search radar is the ISC Cardion SPS-55 radar operating at I-band.
The Oto Melara mk75 gun is linked to the Sperry 92 fire control radar operating at I and J bands. The Furuno navigation radar also operates at I band.
Sonar

The ship is fitted with a AN/SQQ-89 (CV)2 anti-submarine warfare (ASW) combat system. The system integrates a Raytheon SQS-56 active and passive hull-mounted sonar and a Gould SQR-19 towed sonar array. The system displays the data from the sonar suite and from the helicopter LAMPS sensors and provides detection, classification, designation and targeting of submarines.
Propulsion

The propulsion system is based on two GE LM 2500 gas turbine engines generating 30.59MW (41,000shp) and driving a single shaft with a constant pitch propeller. There are two auxiliary retractable propellers (484kW / 650hp) for manoeuvring and station keeping.
http://www.naval-technology.com/projects/oliver-hazard/
 
FFG-7 OLIVER HAZARD PERRY-class

The Perry class FFG forms a capable undersea warfare [USW] platform with the LAMPS-III helicopter onboard. The Mk 13 Mod 4 missile launcher provides secondary anti-air capability. Ships of this class are often referred to as "FFG-7" (pronounced FIG-7) after the lead ship, U.S.S. Oliver Hazard Perry (FFG-7). These ships were originally conceived as a low-cost convoy escort (hence the original "PF" hull number for the prototype). They are particularly well suited to be a convoy escort and are Link 11 capable. As older first-line destroyers and frigates were retired without replacement, however, the FFG 7 class has been integrated into the fleet, and numerous updates have been applied to permit it to cope with modern combat conditions. As a result, the fully equipped units displace nearly 500 tons more than the designed displacement, and crews have been greatly enlarged. The soundness of the design has permitted the expansion, and the ships have proven remarkably sturdy.

These ships have a full load displacement of that ranges from 3,658 tons to 4,100 tons, are either 445 or 453 feet in overall length, have a 45 foot beam and a draft of 22 feet. Construction materials include a steel hull with an aluminum superstructure. They are powered by a single shaft driven by 2 LM2500 gas turbines. Their maximum sustained speed is about 29 knots and the have a 4,200 nautical mile range at 20 knots. The ships active complement is about 15 officers and 179 enlisted personnel.

Frigates fulfill a Protection of Shipping (POS) mission as Anti-Submarine Warfare (ASW) combatants for amphibious expeditionary forces, underway replenishment groups and merchant convoys. PERRY-class frigates are primarily Undersea Warfare ships intended to provide open-ocean escort of amphibious ships and convoys in low to moderate threat environments in a global war with the Soviet Union. They could also provide limited defense against anti-ship missiles extant in the 70's and 80's. The ships are equiped to escort and protect carrier battle groups, amphibious landing groups, underway replenishment groups and convoys. They can also conduct independent operations to perform such tasks as counterdrug surveillance, maritime interception operations, and exercises with other nations. The addition of NTDS, LAMPS helicopters, and the Tactical Towed Array System (TACTAS) has given these ships a combat capability far beyond the class program expectations of the mid-1970's, and has made the ships an integral and valued asset in virtually any war-at-sea scenario and particularly well suited for operation in the littoral.

Detailed design of the FFG-7, then known as the Patrol Frigate, began in May 1973. The $94.4 million lead-ship construction contract was awarded in October 1973 to Bath Iron Works Corp., Bath, Maine. Construction began in March 1975, and the lead ship was delivered in November 1977. In February 1976, the Navy awarded contracts to Bath Iron Works and to two Todd Shipyard Corporation yard in Los Angeles and the other in Seattle for construction of 11 follow-on ships. Additional contracts were awarded to these yards.

The 1973 estimate for a total program of 5O ships was $3.2 billion, with an average unit cost of $63.8 million. The Department of Defense estimated at September 30, 1978, that the cost of a 52-ship FFG-7 program would be $10.1 billion, an average cost per ship of $194 million. Two primary factors causing this increase were the addition of equipment that was not included in the original cost estimate such as a towed sonar, fin stabilizers and electronics equipment and much higher than anticipated shipbuilding costs.

From the inception of the FFG-7 program, the Navy recognized a need for a large number of these frigates to replace World War II destroyers retiring from the fleet. In order to meet this numerical requirement, stringent design controls were placed on the size and cost of the FFG-7. Keeping down size and cost naturally led to some sacrifices in operational effectiveness, most of which appeared to be good management decisions. There were several areas where cost constraints may unduly effect operational effectiveness. Four matters are (1) the selection of the short-range AN/SQS-56 hull-mounted sonar, (2) the decision to include only minimal space, weight, and stability margins for modernizing the ship, (3) operation and maintenance of the ship, and (4) ship survivability.

Modernization potential is the ability of a warship to accept new equipment to avoid obsolescence. The long life of warships (25 or more years) and relatively short life of systems installed on the ships (7 to 10 years) made modernization potential important. Over its lifetime, a warship will usually have mucn of its original equipment replaced by new, more capable systems. From the outset of the program, space, weight, and stability margins for growth in the FFG-7 were minimized. The low margins were linked to the Navy's determination to restrain the size and cost of the ship. As a result, the FFG-7, unlike most new warships, was unable to accommodate any new equipment beyond what was planned, unless compensating removals were. The two areas of particular concern were the reductions in (1) the service life weight margin, and (2) the future growth margin.

The service life weight margin allows for weiqht increases occurinq during the life of the ship. Normally, the margin for a ship this size would be about 150 tons. The margin in the FFG-7, however, was only 50 tons, or 100 tons less than normal. The future growth weight margin is established to allow for unknown, but anticipated future modifications and new equipment approved by the Chief of Naval Operations. This margin is intended to make new ships more adaptable to changing requirements, the increasing threat, and changes in technology. In the FFG-7, there was no margin for unplanned future ship characteristic changes which require additional space or increases in the ship's weight.

In addition to the tight weight margins, opportunities for future qrowth were even further constrained by very limited space on the ship. These space limitations could make some necessary future improvements impractical if compensating equipment removals cannot be made. This, in turn, could affect the capability of the ship to perform its mission against an increasing enemy threat.

These limited opportunities for future ship modifications were a serious matter because major modernizations are almost always required in order to naintain an effective ship. Historically these modernizations have usually required space, weight, and stability reservations. The absence of weight and Space margins for fitting new equipment beyond those already planned meant added risk that needed mid-life modernizations to keep the ships abreast of an increasing threat throughout their life will prove impractical.

The retirement of the ocean escorts of the Claud Jones, Courtney, and Dealy classes from the active fleet when they were only 15 to 20 years old are examples of ships with limited growth potential. Not only did the Navy fail to get a full measure of active service from these ships, but while active they contributed less in terms of effectiveness than less cost-constrained designs would have.

The class had only a limited capacity for further growth. Despite this, the FFG-7 class is a robust platform, capable of withstanding considerable damage. This "toughness" was aptly demonstrated when USS Samuel B. Roberts struck a mine and USS Stark was hit by two Exocet cruise missiles. In both cases the ships survived, were repaired and have returned to the fleet.

Two ships of this class suffered heavy damage while patrolling in the Persian Gulf. On 17 May 1987, two Iraqi fired Exocet SSMs hit the U.S.S. Stark (FFG-31), one of which detonated near berthing spaces resulting in heavy loss of life. On 14 April 1988 the U.S.S. Samuel B. Roberts (FFG-58) struck a mine which detonated an estimated 250 pounds of TNT. The explosion heavily damaged propulsion systems and blew a nine-foot hole under the keel. In both attacks, the ships suffered intense fires aggravated by the all aluminum construction of the superstructure. Nevertheless, exceptional damage control efforts carried out by their crews kept both ships on the surface and enabled them to reach friendly ports in the Persian Gulf. The Stark returned to the United States on her own power and underwent repairs. The Roberts was transported to the United States on the Dutch-flag heavy-lift ship, Mighty Servant 2.

FFG-7 OLIVER HAZARD PERRY class
Oliver Hazard Perry-class guided missile frigates


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Taiwan had planned a modified Perry-class Frigate with a 32-cell Mk 41 VLS and the 76mm gun on the bow, and SSMs amidships
 
Genesis Battle Management System...

Advantages will be gained with new system;


• Modern and Reliable System
• High Performance
• Open Architecture
• Capacity of watching Tactical Contacts more than 1000
• Modern Sensor Data Fusion
• Automatic Threat Evaluation
• Weapon Engagement Opportunities
• Link-16 / 22 System Integration Opportunity

may be counted as summary.

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Consols...

* MIL-STD-461D for Electro Magnetic Compatibility
* MIL-STD-810F and 108E for Environmental Conditions
o Temperature
o Humidity
o Vibration
o Shock
o Water-tightness
o Rapid Decompression
o Fungus
o Salt & Fog
o Sand & Dust
o Explosive Atmosphere
o Acceleration
* MIL-STD-1472 for Ergonomics

Tactical Command Console
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Operator Console
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Electronic Warfare Operator Console to be used in Submarines
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TMRC Console
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Welcome to MilSOFT Software Technologies Inc.
HAVELSAN
AYDIN YAZILIM - AYESA

IMHO:

If Mk13 with Standard/Harpoon is reinstated in OHPs transferred from USN to other navies, then OHP upgraded with e.g. SeaRam in place of Phalanx is indeed roughly on par with the Talwar class (which is essentially a revamped 1970-1980 design, namely the Russian Krivak III, which was originally a KGB border patrol ship). The Talwar may have longer range and faster Brahmos and heftier CIWS, but the OHP has better detection capabilities, better ASW and longer SAM reach.

An OHP without functional Mk13 but re-equipped with a single 21-round Mk47 RAM launcher and 2x4 rack-mounted Harpoon frward of the bridge would be superior to F22P in ASW and equal in terms of ASuW and AAW.

http://www.defence.pk/forums/pakist...pakistani-perry-class-frigates-genesis-5.html

http://www.defence.pk/forums/pakistan-navy/56968-discuss-pn-potential-up-gradation-ffgs.html
 
F-22P Zulfiquar class frigate

The F-22P or Zulfiquar Class Frigate (Urdu: ذوالفقار English: Sword class), is a general purpose frigate being built by China and Pakistan for the Pakistan Navy (PN).

F-22P is an improved version of the Chinese Type 053H3 frigate

The F-22P hull uses many of the radar cross-section reduction features of China's Type 054 frigate to help it evade detection by radars mounted on other ships, aircraft and anti-ship missiles

The 76.2 mm calibre main gun is a Chinese development of the Russian AK-176M, the main difference being that the Chinese variant adopts a re-designed stealthy turret to reduce radar cross-section. The gun is designed to engage ships, aircraft and anti-ship missiles. In front of the main gun are two 6-cell RDC-32 anti-submarine rocket launchers.

The frigate's primary surface-to-surface missile armament comprises eight C-802 subsonic anti-ship missiles carried in two launchers with four cells each, fitted between the foremast and the funnel. These containers are also compatible with the CY series anti-submarine rockets and may be loaded with a combination of anti-ship and anti-submarine weapons.


The FM-90N surface-to-air missile (SAM) system is fitted between the main deck and main gun. The launcher has eight cells each containing one missile and is fitted on a mount that can be elevated and traversed in the direction of the threat. The FM-90N can engage several targets, including supersonic and sub-sonic sea-skimming missiles, using different guidance modes simultaneously. The system is also designed to engage small targets such as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV).

A close-in weapon system (CIWS), the Type 730B, is mounted on the aircraft hangar. Comprising two seven-barrel gatling guns of 30 mm calibre, the F-22P is believed to be the first ship armed with the Type 730B,which uses off-mount sensors such as the Type 347G radar and the OFC-3 electro-optic director. The guns are mounted side-by-side on the aircraft hangar, with the off-mount sensors in between. The CIWS can be upgraded with the FL-3000N fire-and-forget missile system by installing up to two single-round FL-3000N launchers on each existing CIWS gun mount.


The Harbin Z-9EC anti-submarine warfare (ASW) helicopter is equipped with a surface-search radar, low frequency dipping sonar, radar warning receiver, doppler navigation system and armed with torpedoes. The helicopter can be armed with one torpedo on the starboard side. A small antenna on the roof may provide a data-link, allowing the Z-9 to act as a relay for targeting data between the ship and long range anti-ship missiles such as the C-802

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The Zulfiquar-class frigate used by the Pakistan Navy was based on the Type 053H3.
Type 053H3 were a follow-on of the the Type 053H2G Jiangwei I class.
Type 053H3
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Type 054 frigate superseded the Type 053H3 frigates
Type 054 frigate
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The F-22P frigate is a Sword Class Ship, capable of surviving in a multi-threat environment. The ship is fitted with long-range surface-to-surface and surface-to-air missiles and latest automatic 76mm guns. In a multi-threat environment, the ship is capable of delivering torpedoes and depth charges and also caries Z9EC helicopters. It is also equipped with advance command and control, electronic warfare systems, and a hi-tech air defence system (CIWS). The platform is fitted with long-range surface and air surveillance radars and a long-range SONAR. The frigate is 123 meters long and has a displacement of 3000 tonnes.
http://www.thenews.com.pk/print1.asp?id=220475


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- They are good value for money: all will have CIWS, SSM and SAM whereas only half the Type 21s have SSM and CIWS (but not SAM)and only half have SAM (but no CIWS or SSM) and their cost is moderate (compared to 300-400 million for a FREMM).
- PN needs replacements for the Type 21s now: what other ship could have been ordered, built and delivered on this short notice?
- There will be domestically built F22Ps with Chinese assistence (people forget how important this capability is in the long run. It will also help facilitate eventual domestic building of e.g. MILGEM and future ships)
- One needs to consider these ships in the context of PN doctrine and posture: nice and cool as they may be, larger ships like Type 054A may not at all be a military necessary. (In other words, stop letting the comparison with IN drive your tinking about Pakistan's naval needs: there are a host of other naval tasks to be performed which have nothing to do with India or its navy)

Well from all the talk above it seems stupids are sitting in the PN who opted for this option of frigates leaving all the modern western frigates.

750$Million deal for 4 frigates, which include the 6 helicopters, all the ammunition for the frigates which include the 20+ ASMs, torpedoes and other stuff.

Well if westerners or any other advanced country can give such a deal (which i doubt) then we should have gone with it.

The Chinese Type-730B CIWS has been made on the pattern of Goal Keeper, this system can track up to thirty targets, engaging the four most urgent. It will minimize the salvo length to engage as many targets as possible and is thought to be able to deal with two pairs of sea-skimming missiles as little as five seconds apart. The CIWS can be changed to the FL-3000N system.

As for the 76mm gun, this is chinese made russian design which was selected in competition with 100mm chinese & french guns, and the newer Type-054A chinese ship has the same gun as F-22P has, plus Type-054A 4 russian CIWS AK-630 have been replaced by chinese Type-730 CIWS. Plus many russian ships also have the 76mm gun.

So if chinese have selected Type 730 CIWS & 76mm gun for their latest destroyer then i do think they are capable enough to perform exceptionally.

The SAM can engage aircrafts, UAV & subsonic or supersonic ASMs.

The ASMs of F-22P are sufficient enough and they have the capability to be upgraded to the newest chinese ASMs of any model.

If we closely look at the capability of F-22P it has decent firepower & can be a useful addition to PN for defensive roles.

PN ships will perform a defensive role to keep open the sea lanes, while the submarines will form the offensive punch.

I don't think PN has wasted money on this ship, this ship has the potential to be further upgraded, on the other hand the american OHP class frigates are old, structure would be old and will come with american weapon systems which as all of u know are prone to sanctions & u never know what else problem they can have.

A little update on the 053-series frigates:
- The first hull of the Type 053H a.k.a. Jianghu I frigate, Changde (509), was commissioned in December 1974. Production stopped in 1980, after 14 units.
- In 1978, an improved variant of the Type 053H was introduced, known as Type 053H1 and referred to by the NATO as Jianghu-II. 8 units were built, the 5th of which was sold to Bangladesh in 1989 (i.e. used). The 7th and 8th hull were built for Egypt in 1984 and 1985 respectively.
- The Type 053H2 (NATO reporting name: Jianghu-III class) is a modernised variant of the Type 053H, with a total of 7 hulls constructed between 1985 and 1993. The Type 053H2 was the first PRC-built surface combatant to have been incorporated with modern Western design influence. Four hulls (3rd, 4th, 5th and 6th) were sold to the Royal Thai Navy, which received the first pair in 1991 and the second pair in 1992. Of the 4 only the last 2 are equipped with a helicopterdeck/hangar (like 063HT-H below).
- Single hull based on the Type 053H1 was built with special modifications (e.g. heli deck, hangar). Some indigenous and Western-made systems were also installed on the vessel for trial and evaluation. The frigate was designated Type 053HT-H by the PLA Navy, and was referred to by NATO as Jianghu-IV class. Construction began in November 1984 and she commissioned in December 1985.
- Referred to by the NATO as the Jianghu-V class, the Type 053H1G was generally based on the hull design of the Type 053H1 (Jianghu-II Class) but with improved weapon systems and better crew living conditions for its crew. The first hull launched in 1992 and commissioned in May 1993. The last hull commissioned in 1995. 6 units built under an emergency construction programme .
- The Type 053H2G (NATO codename: Jiangwei-I class) is the multirole missile frigate built by the Shanghai-based Hudong Shipyard (now Hudong-Zhonghua Shipyard) in the early 1990s for the PLA Navy. A total of four hulls *were built before the production stopped in favor of the more capable Type 053H3 (Jiangwei-II Class).*
- The Type 053H3 (NATO reporting name: Jiangwei-II class) is the multirole missile frigate introduced in the 1990s as a follow-on to the Type 053H2G (Jiangwei-I Class). It is based on the hull design of the Type 053H2G, but with new weapon systems and sensors. A total of 10 ships were built for the PLA Navy between 1998 and 2005*
*
Essentially, it is a fallacy to compare ships delivered to Egypt (1984, 1985), Bangladesh (1989) and Thailand (1991, 1992) with present day (2009) ships of the same lineage.*
There's been tremendous improvement in China's naval shipdesign and -building capability (witness the newest ships). There have been successive improvements in these ships and in the associated ship building.
If quality was such a problem, and it didn't improve, then why have the Thai continued to order chinese ships for their navy (2x well armed OPV, 2x F25T frigate)?*
As said "The harsh criticisms lead to many improvements in China's shipbuilding industry.", the fruits of which are visible in the Jiangwei II, F22P and the largest new PLAN units.
Really, there is no comparison between Jianghu II and Jiangwei II, let alone F22P.



I will be taking some time in composing the f22p info --- I might start with posting the basic info of type53h3
 
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F-22P PNS Zulfiquar

In October 2005 the Ministry of Defence Production signed a $600 million contract with China Shipbuilding and Trading Company (CSTC) for construction of four F22P frigates for Pakistan Navy with Transfer of Technology (TOT). Three ships are to be built in China whereas the fourth ship will be constructed at Karachi Shipyard. The F-22P frigates are equipped with state of the art weaponry and sensors. The construction project is to be completed by 2013. Addition of these ships will strengthen the PN fleet with much needed advancement and prowess.

A model F22P put on display by Karachi Shipyard in 2005 indicated that the design had undergone some major changes. The changes include a newly added rear mast on which the China-made meter wave radar is installed. The bridge was redesigned so as to avoid acute angling of the surface and enhance stealth features. In the original plan, the frigate was to employ LY60 SAM, but Pakistan decided to use HHQ7 SAM. The helicopter hangar was also redesigned to accommodate more China-made ESM/ECM facilities. Another difference from the Chinese Type 053H3 (Jiangwei II) FFG is that the F22P is equipped with two 630M CIWS produced by license from Russia. The hull sonar may be from Ukraine. The F22P has increased its length from the original 114.5m to 118m, and the beam has been changed from the Chinese design of 12.4m to 13.2m and draft of 10.2m.

The first F-22p frigate will be delivered to Pakistan Navy in 2008 and the other three by 2013, Chief of the Naval Staff Admiral Muhammad Afzal Thair said here on Monday after completion of his visit to China and Indonesia on 22 May 2006. The Naval Chief expressed complete satisfaction over Pakistan's frigates deal with China. Transfer of technology is key element of the contract, which was signed on 4 April 2005. The keel for construction of the first F-22P frigate was to be laid at the Hudong-Zhonghua Shipyard in Shanghai in 2006.

The naval Chief said that the fourth frigate will be constructed in Pakistan. The contract includes upgrading of Karachi Shipyard and Engineering Works, training and technical assistance by the Chinese side during construction of fourth F-22P frigate.

On 27 June 2006 it was announced that China will build four F22P Frigates for Pakistan Navy and transfer technology under an agreement. The signing ceremony of the agreement was held in Ministry of Defence Production in Rawalpindi. Federal Secretary of Defence Production Lt. Gen (Rtd) Ali Muhammad Jan Aurakzi and China s Director General International Corporation Mr. Zhou Wushen represented their respective countries. The two sides inked four agreements including technology transfer to Pakistan for building frigates. Pakistan navy will also receive shipborne helicopters used in anti-submarine warfare and will be armed with surface-to-air and surface-to-surface missiles.

The Chief of Naval Staff Admiral Muhammad Afzal Tahir performed the successful sea launching of the first of the four F-22P frigates being constructed by China at a ceremony held on 07 April 2008. Addressing the ceremony, Admiral Muhammad Afzal Tahir said the frigates will be equipped with the state of the art weapons and sensors systems and will carry Z9EC Helicopters being manufactured in China. Pakistan Ambassador to China Salman Bashir said that it was yet another milestone in long and glorious history of Pakistan-China friendship and strategic partnership. Under an agreement signed in 2005, PNS Zulfiqar is the first of the four frigates that is being constructed in close collaboration with Pakistan Navy at the Hudong Zhonghua shipyard in Shanghai.

The second Pakistan Navy frigate F22P was launched on 31 October 2008, at Hudong Zhonghua Shipyard, China. This second frigate is to be commissioned as PNS Shamsheer on joining the Pakistan Navy in January 2010. the launching was done in the presence Consul General of Pakistan, Zafaruddin Mahmood as chief guest. By the end of 2008 the first ship (to be named PNS ZULFIQUAR) was under trials and due to be delivered to Pakistan Navy by end July 2009. Construction of third Ship (to be named PNS SAIF) is also progressing at a fast pace.

On 22 March 2007 Jane's Navy International reported that Pakistan had asked the US to supply it with six Oliver Hazard Perry-class frigates to augment its fleet of surface ships, according to the chief of Pakistan's naval staff Admiral Muhammad Afzal Tahir. Meanwhile, Pakistan was seeking to accelerate the delivery of four Chinese Type F-22P or 'Jiangwei II' (Type-053H3) frigates ordered in April 2005, and to decide on the purchase of another four frigates of a still-undefined type.

On 21 April 2007 it was reported that Pakistan had ordered four more frigates from China, in addition to the four already on order. The the first of these was to arrive as early as 2008, to be known as the Zulfiquar class. These ships are the Chinese Jiangwei II class frigates. The first of the Jiangwei II's entered service in late 1998, followed by three more, and several more are still under construction. The new order is for the improved F-22P version of the Jiangwei II (053H3) already on order. China will build three F22Ps, while the other will be built in Pakistan. The 342 foot long Jiangwei II displaced 2,400 tons, but the F22P is expected to be a little longer, and heavier, perhaps as much as 3,000 tons. The F22P will probably carry anti-ship missiles, anti-aircraft missiles, a 100mm gun, anti-submarine weapons and a helicopter.
http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/pakistan/f-zulfiquar.htm
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a nice vedio dear, good work!
lets figure out the weapons systems:
76.2 mm calibre AK–176M main gun
next to main gun are the 6-cell RDC-32 anti-submarine rockets.
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firing display in vedio at 2.01 min and 2.12 min respectively

Anti ship missile(C-802/C-803 as debated above)
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firing display in vedio at 0.55 min

FM-90N SAM
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firing display at 1.04 min

Type 730 CIWS
Type+730_SD.jpg

firing at 2.55 min


regards!
The fourth and last frigate of F-22P series for the Pakistan Navy was launched here on Thursday, which has been built at the Karachi Shipyard & Engineering Works (KSEW) with Chinese assistance.

The frigate, designated PNS Aslat, was launched at a ceremony held at the KSEW with Chief of Naval Staff Admiral Noman Bashir as chief guest.

The F-22P frigate would be handed over to Pakistan Navy in December 2012, after complete construction of the ship and equipping it with required armoury and sensors, making it ready for full operational use for the Navy.

The construction of the frigate commenced in 2009.

Already, three F-22P frigates, built in China, are in operational use of Pakistan Navy namely PNS Zulfiqar, PNS Shamsheer, and PNS Saif.

Also on the occasion, the Karachi Shipyard announced construction of a Fast Attack (missile) craft for the Pakistan Navy.

Speaking at the launching ceremony, the naval chief said that launching of F-22P ship at KSEW was commendable and a clear manifestation of the indigenisation policy of the government, especially attaining self-reliance in maritime defence capabilities.

Acknowledging efforts of the Pakistani and Chinese engineers and technicians for construction of F-22P Frigate at the Karachi Shipyard, Admiral Bashir congratulated the China State Shipbuilding Company (CSSC), China Shipbuilding and Trading Company (CSTC), Hudong Zhongua and Karachi Shipyards for launching the ship as per schedule and remarked that the occasion was yet another example of unparalleled Pak-China rock-solid relations.

The chief guest emphasized the fact that launching of the warship being an important milestone in attaining maritime defence capabilities, had not only further strengthened Pakistan’s relations with Chinese friends but has added colour and eminence to celebrations for 60 years of resounding friendship between Pakistan and China.

The naval chief appreciated the turnaround of Karachi Shipyard that enabled it to meet challenges of constructing warships and attributed the success to sound planning of KSEW management and untiring efforts of its workforce.

The chief guest also urged the Ministry of Defence Production to continue supporting KSEW on their road to progress.

Admiral Bashir also emphasized building a strong navy capable of defending the maritime interests of the country.

The chief guest reiterated that Pakistan did not harbour aggressive designs “but our sea trade routes, vast Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ), and international energy lines that pass very close to our coast need to be protected which is not only in the interest of our country but of the entire international community”.

Therefore, Pakistan Navy will continue to endeavour to maintain peace and stability in its area of responsibility, he said.

The F-22P frigate, having overall length of 123 metres and breadth of 13.8 metres, could move at speeds of up to 29 Knots, having a range of 4000 nautical miles.

The ship would be equipped with surveillance radar, fire control radar, integrated anti-submarine system, Radar Warning receiver system, and laser warning system.

As for the weaponry, the F-22P warship would be armed with surface-to-surface missile, surface-to-air missile, depth charge system, torpedoes, and, anti-aircraft guns. The ship would also be equipped with Chinese-origin Z9EC helicopter.

The main role of the Chinese-origin warship includes anti-submarine warfare; air defence of a force operating at sea or convoy or particular area; interdiction of hostile combatants; patrolling, monitoring, and protection of EEZ; radiate combat power in the area of interest; search and rescue; contribute to international security through UN peacekeeping operations, and flag showing/maritime diplomacy.
 
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