DrSomnath999
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10.GERMANY LEOPARD 2A7+ MBT TANKS
The Leopard 2A7+ was first shown to the public during the Eurosatory 2010, featuring the label "Developed by KMW - tested and qualified by German MoD". The Leopard 2A7+ has been tested by the Bundeswehr under the name UrbOb (urban operations). The planned upgrade of 50 German Leopard 2s to Leopard 2A7+ was to start in 2012.
The Leopard 2A7+ is designed to operate in low intensity conflicts as well as in high intensity conflicts. The tank's protection has been increased by modular armour; the frontal protection has been improved with a duel-kit on the turret and hull front, while 360° protection against RPGs and mine protection increase the survivability of the tank in urban operations. It can fire programmable HE munition and the turret mounted MG3 has been replaced with a stabilized FLW 200 remotely controlled weapon station. The mobility, sustainability and situational awareness have also been improved.
9.ARTILLERY SYSTEMS
(I)Archer Artillery System
The Archer Artillery System or Archer - FH77BW L52 is an international project aimed at developing a next-generation self-propelled artillery system for Sweden and Norway. The heart of the system is a fully automated 155 mm/L52 gun howitzer and a "Lemur" Remote controlled weapon station mounted on a modified 6x6 chassis of the Volvo A30D, all-terrain articulated dump truck. The crew and engine compartment is heavily armoured and the cab is fitted with bullet and fragmentation-proof windows. Aside from this, the system consists of an ammunition resupply vehicle, a support vehicle, BONUS Sensor-fuzed Artillery Shell and the M982 Excalibur guided projectile.
General characteristics
Length: 14.1 metres
Width: 3.0 metres
Height: 3.3 - 3.9 metres
Weight: 30 tonnes
Speed: 70 km/h
Range: ~500 km
Crew: 4 (1 driver, 3 operators) or 2 (1 driver and 1 operator) in case of emergencies
Armament: 155 mm/L52 gun howitzer
Rate of fire: 8-9 rounds/min with MRSI (Multiple Round Simultaneous Impact) capability, which means that several shells are released in succession but hit the target simultaneously.
Range (of artillery fire): 30 km with standard shells, 40 km with base-bleed, 60 km with Excalibur
Protection level: 7.62 AP, Mines 6 kg (Level 2 STANAG 4569)
Emergency driving: all wheels - emergency driving equipment (Hutchinson AMVFI) makes it possible to drive with all wheels punctured; it also provides greater protection if the vehicle hits a blast-pressure mine - the same system is used on the all-terrain vehicle Sisu.
(II)Panzerhaubitze 2000
The Panzerhaubitze 2000 ("Armoured howitzer 2000"), abbreviated PzH 2000, is a German 155 mm self-propelled howitzer developed by Krauss-Maffei Wegmann (KMW) and Rheinmetall for the German Army. The PzH 2000 is one of the most powerful conventional artillery systems currently deployed. It is particularly notable for a very high rate of fire; in burst mode it can fire three rounds in 9 seconds, ten rounds in 56 seconds, and can fire between 10 and 13 rounds per minute continuously, depending on barrel heating.[1] The PzH 2000 has automatic support for Multiple Rounds Simultaneous Impact (MRSI) for up to 5 rounds. The replenishment of shells is automated. Two operators can load 60 shells and propelling charges in less than 12 minutes. PzH 2000 has also been selected by the armies of Italy, Netherlands and Greece, and more orders are probable as many NATO forces replace their M109 howitzers.
(III)CAESAR self-propelled howitzer
The CAESAR from CAmion Equipé d'un Système d'ARtillerie (French: Truck equipped with an artillery system)[1] is a 155 mm/52-calibre gun-howitzer installed on a 6X6 truck chassis. The chassis is a Renault Sherpa 10 for systems delivered to the French army otherwise it is a 6x6 Unimog U2450. It was developed by GIAT (now called Nexter) and is operated by the French Army.
8.AIR DEFENCE SYSTEMS
(I) Aster (missile family)
Aster is a family of surface-to-air missiles manufactured by Eurosam, a European consortium consisting of MBDA France, MBDA Italy (combined 66%) and the Thales Group (33%).
The Aster family was developed to perform three distinct missions:
Ship point defence using Aster 15 surface-to-air anti-missile missile (SAAM) as used on the French aircraft carrier Charles de Gaulle (SAAM-FR), the Italian aircraft carrier Cavour (SAAM-IT) and selected for the 22 French/Italian FREMM multipurpose frigates.
Ship local and area defence Integrated Principal Anti-Air Missile System (PAAMS) using Aster 15 and 30 missiles, selected by Italian, French and British navies. PAAMS delivered by EUROPAAMS consortium, another MBDA/Thales partnership.
Ground-based area defence Superficie-Aria Media Portata Terrestre (Italian for Ground-based Surface-to-Air Medium Range, SAMP/T) using batteries of Aster 30 missiles. France has demonstrated the feasibility of destroying medium range ballistic missile.
Aster 15 and 30 missiles differ only in the size of their booster - total weights being 310 kg and 450 kg respectively. Aster 30 requires the longer tubes of the SYLVER A50 launcher, but its range is extended from 30 kilometres (19 mi) to 120 kilometres (75 mi). Aster 30 is also capable of ballistic missile defense.
Characteristics
Aster features two significant improvements over the previous generation of missiles:
Maneuverability
New control system: control flaps are associated with four powder maneuver rockets at the center of gravity of the missile (also referred to as PIF-PAF for Pilotage induit en forcePilotage aérodynamique en force). The system prevents a rupture of the missile under high-g maneuvers during trajectory corrections, and allows such maneuvers to be performed without losing aerodynamic performances, improving the precision of the impact on target. A standard launch of the Aster can include 90-degree trajectory changes.
Radars
The shipboard radar fulfills roles of sentry, meteo, target discrimination, acquisition and chase. It is capable of simultaneously tracking 300 flying objects, discriminating around 60, and guiding up to 16 missiles.
(ii)Crotale Mk.3
In January 2008, France test-fired the new Crotale Mk.3 system at the CELM missile launch test center in Biscarrosse. The Crotale Mk.3 system's VT1 missile successfully intercepted a Banshee target drone at 970 metre altitude and 8 km range in 11 seconds on 15 January 2008. Later, on 31 January 2008, the system successfully intercepted another target drone at a 500 metre altitude and 15 km range in 35 seconds.
The Crotale Naval Mk3 is a Short Range Surface to Air Naval Defence System dedicated to the self-protection of naval forces and is optimised against seaskimming subsonic and supersonic threats, even manoeuvring.
The Crotale Naval Mk3 is the most advanced sea-skimming missile system in the world featuring a unique multimission capability and satisfies all air defence requirements. The Crotale Naval Mk3 is able to cope with the most adverse environments and a wide range of modern threats including cruise and tactical missiles.
Main features
Engagement:
Less than 5 second reaction time from detection to missileDeparture : 8 ready-to-fire hypervelocity VT1 missiles with unique manoeuvrability and fast re-engagement capability
Detection
(a)Tracking radar Ku band monopulse Doppler Range: > 20 km ECCM
(b)Thermal Imager: Dual Field of View, Range: 20km, Passive electro-optics
7.ATTACK HELICOPTERS
(i)Eurocopter Tiger
The Eurocopter Tiger (company designation EC 665) is an attack helicopter manufactured by Eurocopter. In Germany it is known as the Tiger; in France and Spain it is called the Tigre.
Specifications (Tiger HAP)
General characteristics
Crew: Two: pilot and weapon systems officer
Length: 14.08 m fuselage (46 ft 2 in)
Rotor diameter: 13.00 m (42 ft 8 in)
Height: 3.83 m (12 ft 7 in)
Disc area: 133 m² (1,430 ft²)
Empty weight: 3,060 kg (6,750 lb)
Max takeoff weight: 6,000 kg (13,000 lb)
Internal fuel capacity: 1,080 kg (2,380 lb)
Powerplant: 2 × MTU Turbomeca Rolls-Royce MTR390 turboshafts, 873 kW (1,170 shp) each
Performance
Maximum speed: 290 km/h with mast, 315 km/h without mast (157 knots, 181 mph with mast, 170 knots or 196 mph without mast)
Range: 800 km (430 nm, 500 mi) combat (with external tanks in the inboard stations: 1,300km)
Service ceiling: 4,000 m (13,000 ft)
Rate of climb: 10.7 m/s (2,105 ft/min)
Armament
Guns:
1× 30 mm (1.18 in) GIAT 30 cannon in chin turret, with up to 450 rounds.
On its two inner hardpoints and two outer hardpoints the Eurocopter Tiger can carry a combination of the following weapons:
(a)on each of its two inner hardpoints:
1x 20 mm (0.787 in) machine cannons in a pod, or
22× 68 mm (2.68 in) SNEB unguided missiles in a pod, or
4x AGM-114 Hellfire laser guided missiles
(b)on each of its two outer hardpoints:
2× Mistral air-to-air missiles, or
12× 68 mm (2.68 in) SNEB unguided missiles in a pod
(ii)Agusta A129 Mangusta
The Agusta A129 Mangusta (English: Mongoose) is an attack helicopter originally designed and produced by Agusta in Italy. It was the first attack helicopter to be designed and produced wholly in Western Europe. The TAI/AgustaWestland T-129 ATAK is an enhanced version of the A129, and its development is now the responsibility of Turkish Aerospace Industries (TAI), with AgustaWestland as the primary partner.
Specifications (A129)
General characteristics
Crew: 2: pilot and weapon systems officer
Length: 12.28 m (40 ft 3 in)
Rotor diameter: 11.90 m (39 ft 1 in)
Height: 3.35 m (11 ft 0 in)
Disc area: 111.22 m² (1,197.25 ft²)
Empty weight: 2,530 kg (5,575 lb)
Max takeoff weight: 4,600 kg (10,140 lb)
Powerplant: 2 × Rolls-Royce Gem 2-1004D (license built by Piaggio) turboshafts, 664 kW (890 shp) each
Rotor systems: 4 blades on main rotor
Performance
Maximum speed: 278 km/h (148 knots, 170 mph)
Cruise speed: 229 km/h (135 knots, 155 mph)
Range: 510 km (275 nm, 320 mi)
Ferry range: 1,000 km (540 nm, 620 mi)
Service ceiling: 4,725 m (15,500 ft)
Rate of climb: 10.2 m/s (2,025 ft/min)
Armament
Guns: 1× 20 mm (0.787 in) three-barrel gatling-type cannon (500 rounds) (only CBT version)
Rockets: 4 pods with
38× 81 mm (3.19 in) unguided rockets or
76× 70 mm (2.75 in) unguided rockets or
12.7 mm machine gun-pod
Missiles:
8× AGM-114 Hellfire or BGM-71 TOW anti-tank missiles
4-8× AIM-92 Stinger or Mistral anti-aircraft missiles
The Leopard 2A7+ was first shown to the public during the Eurosatory 2010, featuring the label "Developed by KMW - tested and qualified by German MoD". The Leopard 2A7+ has been tested by the Bundeswehr under the name UrbOb (urban operations). The planned upgrade of 50 German Leopard 2s to Leopard 2A7+ was to start in 2012.
The Leopard 2A7+ is designed to operate in low intensity conflicts as well as in high intensity conflicts. The tank's protection has been increased by modular armour; the frontal protection has been improved with a duel-kit on the turret and hull front, while 360° protection against RPGs and mine protection increase the survivability of the tank in urban operations. It can fire programmable HE munition and the turret mounted MG3 has been replaced with a stabilized FLW 200 remotely controlled weapon station. The mobility, sustainability and situational awareness have also been improved.
9.ARTILLERY SYSTEMS
(I)Archer Artillery System
The Archer Artillery System or Archer - FH77BW L52 is an international project aimed at developing a next-generation self-propelled artillery system for Sweden and Norway. The heart of the system is a fully automated 155 mm/L52 gun howitzer and a "Lemur" Remote controlled weapon station mounted on a modified 6x6 chassis of the Volvo A30D, all-terrain articulated dump truck. The crew and engine compartment is heavily armoured and the cab is fitted with bullet and fragmentation-proof windows. Aside from this, the system consists of an ammunition resupply vehicle, a support vehicle, BONUS Sensor-fuzed Artillery Shell and the M982 Excalibur guided projectile.
General characteristics
Length: 14.1 metres
Width: 3.0 metres
Height: 3.3 - 3.9 metres
Weight: 30 tonnes
Speed: 70 km/h
Range: ~500 km
Crew: 4 (1 driver, 3 operators) or 2 (1 driver and 1 operator) in case of emergencies
Armament: 155 mm/L52 gun howitzer
Rate of fire: 8-9 rounds/min with MRSI (Multiple Round Simultaneous Impact) capability, which means that several shells are released in succession but hit the target simultaneously.
Range (of artillery fire): 30 km with standard shells, 40 km with base-bleed, 60 km with Excalibur
Protection level: 7.62 AP, Mines 6 kg (Level 2 STANAG 4569)
Emergency driving: all wheels - emergency driving equipment (Hutchinson AMVFI) makes it possible to drive with all wheels punctured; it also provides greater protection if the vehicle hits a blast-pressure mine - the same system is used on the all-terrain vehicle Sisu.
(II)Panzerhaubitze 2000
The Panzerhaubitze 2000 ("Armoured howitzer 2000"), abbreviated PzH 2000, is a German 155 mm self-propelled howitzer developed by Krauss-Maffei Wegmann (KMW) and Rheinmetall for the German Army. The PzH 2000 is one of the most powerful conventional artillery systems currently deployed. It is particularly notable for a very high rate of fire; in burst mode it can fire three rounds in 9 seconds, ten rounds in 56 seconds, and can fire between 10 and 13 rounds per minute continuously, depending on barrel heating.[1] The PzH 2000 has automatic support for Multiple Rounds Simultaneous Impact (MRSI) for up to 5 rounds. The replenishment of shells is automated. Two operators can load 60 shells and propelling charges in less than 12 minutes. PzH 2000 has also been selected by the armies of Italy, Netherlands and Greece, and more orders are probable as many NATO forces replace their M109 howitzers.
(III)CAESAR self-propelled howitzer
The CAESAR from CAmion Equipé d'un Système d'ARtillerie (French: Truck equipped with an artillery system)[1] is a 155 mm/52-calibre gun-howitzer installed on a 6X6 truck chassis. The chassis is a Renault Sherpa 10 for systems delivered to the French army otherwise it is a 6x6 Unimog U2450. It was developed by GIAT (now called Nexter) and is operated by the French Army.
8.AIR DEFENCE SYSTEMS
(I) Aster (missile family)
Aster is a family of surface-to-air missiles manufactured by Eurosam, a European consortium consisting of MBDA France, MBDA Italy (combined 66%) and the Thales Group (33%).
The Aster family was developed to perform three distinct missions:
Ship point defence using Aster 15 surface-to-air anti-missile missile (SAAM) as used on the French aircraft carrier Charles de Gaulle (SAAM-FR), the Italian aircraft carrier Cavour (SAAM-IT) and selected for the 22 French/Italian FREMM multipurpose frigates.
Ship local and area defence Integrated Principal Anti-Air Missile System (PAAMS) using Aster 15 and 30 missiles, selected by Italian, French and British navies. PAAMS delivered by EUROPAAMS consortium, another MBDA/Thales partnership.
Ground-based area defence Superficie-Aria Media Portata Terrestre (Italian for Ground-based Surface-to-Air Medium Range, SAMP/T) using batteries of Aster 30 missiles. France has demonstrated the feasibility of destroying medium range ballistic missile.
Aster 15 and 30 missiles differ only in the size of their booster - total weights being 310 kg and 450 kg respectively. Aster 30 requires the longer tubes of the SYLVER A50 launcher, but its range is extended from 30 kilometres (19 mi) to 120 kilometres (75 mi). Aster 30 is also capable of ballistic missile defense.
Characteristics
Aster features two significant improvements over the previous generation of missiles:
Maneuverability
New control system: control flaps are associated with four powder maneuver rockets at the center of gravity of the missile (also referred to as PIF-PAF for Pilotage induit en forcePilotage aérodynamique en force). The system prevents a rupture of the missile under high-g maneuvers during trajectory corrections, and allows such maneuvers to be performed without losing aerodynamic performances, improving the precision of the impact on target. A standard launch of the Aster can include 90-degree trajectory changes.
Radars
The shipboard radar fulfills roles of sentry, meteo, target discrimination, acquisition and chase. It is capable of simultaneously tracking 300 flying objects, discriminating around 60, and guiding up to 16 missiles.
(ii)Crotale Mk.3
In January 2008, France test-fired the new Crotale Mk.3 system at the CELM missile launch test center in Biscarrosse. The Crotale Mk.3 system's VT1 missile successfully intercepted a Banshee target drone at 970 metre altitude and 8 km range in 11 seconds on 15 January 2008. Later, on 31 January 2008, the system successfully intercepted another target drone at a 500 metre altitude and 15 km range in 35 seconds.
The Crotale Naval Mk3 is a Short Range Surface to Air Naval Defence System dedicated to the self-protection of naval forces and is optimised against seaskimming subsonic and supersonic threats, even manoeuvring.
The Crotale Naval Mk3 is the most advanced sea-skimming missile system in the world featuring a unique multimission capability and satisfies all air defence requirements. The Crotale Naval Mk3 is able to cope with the most adverse environments and a wide range of modern threats including cruise and tactical missiles.
Main features
Engagement:
Less than 5 second reaction time from detection to missileDeparture : 8 ready-to-fire hypervelocity VT1 missiles with unique manoeuvrability and fast re-engagement capability
Detection
(a)Tracking radar Ku band monopulse Doppler Range: > 20 km ECCM
(b)Thermal Imager: Dual Field of View, Range: 20km, Passive electro-optics
7.ATTACK HELICOPTERS
(i)Eurocopter Tiger
The Eurocopter Tiger (company designation EC 665) is an attack helicopter manufactured by Eurocopter. In Germany it is known as the Tiger; in France and Spain it is called the Tigre.
Specifications (Tiger HAP)
General characteristics
Crew: Two: pilot and weapon systems officer
Length: 14.08 m fuselage (46 ft 2 in)
Rotor diameter: 13.00 m (42 ft 8 in)
Height: 3.83 m (12 ft 7 in)
Disc area: 133 m² (1,430 ft²)
Empty weight: 3,060 kg (6,750 lb)
Max takeoff weight: 6,000 kg (13,000 lb)
Internal fuel capacity: 1,080 kg (2,380 lb)
Powerplant: 2 × MTU Turbomeca Rolls-Royce MTR390 turboshafts, 873 kW (1,170 shp) each
Performance
Maximum speed: 290 km/h with mast, 315 km/h without mast (157 knots, 181 mph with mast, 170 knots or 196 mph without mast)
Range: 800 km (430 nm, 500 mi) combat (with external tanks in the inboard stations: 1,300km)
Service ceiling: 4,000 m (13,000 ft)
Rate of climb: 10.7 m/s (2,105 ft/min)
Armament
Guns:
1× 30 mm (1.18 in) GIAT 30 cannon in chin turret, with up to 450 rounds.
On its two inner hardpoints and two outer hardpoints the Eurocopter Tiger can carry a combination of the following weapons:
(a)on each of its two inner hardpoints:
1x 20 mm (0.787 in) machine cannons in a pod, or
22× 68 mm (2.68 in) SNEB unguided missiles in a pod, or
4x AGM-114 Hellfire laser guided missiles
(b)on each of its two outer hardpoints:
2× Mistral air-to-air missiles, or
12× 68 mm (2.68 in) SNEB unguided missiles in a pod
(ii)Agusta A129 Mangusta
The Agusta A129 Mangusta (English: Mongoose) is an attack helicopter originally designed and produced by Agusta in Italy. It was the first attack helicopter to be designed and produced wholly in Western Europe. The TAI/AgustaWestland T-129 ATAK is an enhanced version of the A129, and its development is now the responsibility of Turkish Aerospace Industries (TAI), with AgustaWestland as the primary partner.
Specifications (A129)
General characteristics
Crew: 2: pilot and weapon systems officer
Length: 12.28 m (40 ft 3 in)
Rotor diameter: 11.90 m (39 ft 1 in)
Height: 3.35 m (11 ft 0 in)
Disc area: 111.22 m² (1,197.25 ft²)
Empty weight: 2,530 kg (5,575 lb)
Max takeoff weight: 4,600 kg (10,140 lb)
Powerplant: 2 × Rolls-Royce Gem 2-1004D (license built by Piaggio) turboshafts, 664 kW (890 shp) each
Rotor systems: 4 blades on main rotor
Performance
Maximum speed: 278 km/h (148 knots, 170 mph)
Cruise speed: 229 km/h (135 knots, 155 mph)
Range: 510 km (275 nm, 320 mi)
Ferry range: 1,000 km (540 nm, 620 mi)
Service ceiling: 4,725 m (15,500 ft)
Rate of climb: 10.2 m/s (2,025 ft/min)
Armament
Guns: 1× 20 mm (0.787 in) three-barrel gatling-type cannon (500 rounds) (only CBT version)
Rockets: 4 pods with
38× 81 mm (3.19 in) unguided rockets or
76× 70 mm (2.75 in) unguided rockets or
12.7 mm machine gun-pod
Missiles:
8× AGM-114 Hellfire or BGM-71 TOW anti-tank missiles
4-8× AIM-92 Stinger or Mistral anti-aircraft missiles